Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 26 Street, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
Cells. 2022 Oct 16;11(20):3251. doi: 10.3390/cells11203251.
The number of bone fractures and cracks requiring surgical interventions increases every year; hence, there is a huge need to develop new potential bone scaffolds for bone regeneration. The goal of this study was to gain knowledge about the basic properties of novel curdlan/whey protein isolate/hydroxyapatite biomaterials in the context of their use in bone tissue engineering. The purpose of this research was also to determine whether the concentration of whey protein isolate in scaffolds has an influence on their properties. Thus, two biomaterials differing in the concentration of whey protein isolate (i.e., 25 wt.% and 35 wt.%; hereafter called Cur_WPI25_HAp and Cur_WPI35_HAp, respectively) were fabricated and subjected to evaluation of porosity, mechanical properties, swelling ability, protein release capacity, enzymatic biodegradability, bioactivity, and cytocompatibility towards osteoblasts in vitro. It was found that both biomaterials fulfilled a number of requirements for bone scaffolds, as they demonstrated limited swelling and the ability to undergo controllable enzymatic biodegradation, to form apatite layers on their surfaces and to support the viability, growth, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts. On the other hand, the biomaterials were characterized by low open porosity, which may hinder the penetration of cells though their structure. Moreover, they had low mechanical properties compared to natural bone, which limits their use to filling of bone defects in non-load bearing implantation areas, e.g., in the craniofacial area, but then they will be additionally supported by application of mechanically strong materials such as titanium plates. Thus, this preliminary in vitro research indicates that biomaterials composed of curdlan, whey protein isolate, and hydroxyapatite seem promising for bone tissue engineering applications, but their porosity and mechanical properties should be improved. This will be the subject of our further work.
每年需要手术干预的骨折和裂缝数量都在增加；因此，开发新的潜在骨支架以促进骨再生具有巨大的需求。本研究的目的是了解新型的海藻糖/乳清蛋白分离物/羟基磷灰石生物材料的基本特性，以便将其用于骨组织工程。本研究的目的还在于确定支架中乳清蛋白分离物的浓度是否会影响其性质。因此，制备了两种在乳清蛋白分离物浓度上存在差异的生物材料（即 25wt.%和 35wt.%；分别称为 Cur_WPI25_HAp 和 Cur_WPI35_HAp），并对其进行了孔隙率、机械性能、溶胀能力、蛋白质释放能力、酶降解能力、生物活性和体外成骨细胞细胞相容性的评估。结果发现，这两种生物材料都满足了骨支架的多项要求，因为它们表现出有限的溶胀能力和可控制的酶降解能力，能够在其表面形成磷灰石层，并支持成骨细胞的存活、生长、增殖和分化。另一方面，生物材料的开口孔隙率较低，这可能会阻碍细胞通过其结构的渗透。此外，与天然骨相比，它们的机械性能较低，这限制了它们在非承重植入区域（例如颅面区域）的骨缺损填充中的应用，但随后可以通过应用机械强度较高的材料（如钛板）来提供额外的支撑。因此，这项初步的体外研究表明，由海藻糖、乳清蛋白分离物和羟基磷灰石组成的生物材料似乎具有应用于骨组织工程的潜力，但它们的孔隙率和机械性能仍有待提高。这将是我们进一步研究的主题。
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