Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China.
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China.
J Control Release. 2021 Oct 10;338:571-582. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.055. Epub 2021 Sep 2.
Bone is a dynamic self-healing organ and a continuous remodeling ensures the restoration of the bone structure and function over time. However, bone remodeling is not able to repair large traumatic injuries. Therefore, surgical interventions and bone substitutes are required. The aim of bone tissue engineering is to repair and regenerate tissues and engineered a bone graft as a bone substitute. To met this goal, several natural or synthetic polymers have been used to develop a biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric construct. Among the polymers, natural polymers have higher biocompatibility, excellent biodegradability, and no toxicity. So far, collagen, chitosan, gelatin, silk fibroin, alginate, cellulose, and starch, alone or in combination, have been widely used in bone tissue engineering. These polymers have been used as scaffolds, hydrogels, and micro-nanospheres. The functionalization of the polymer with growth factors and bioactive glasses increases the potential use of polymers for bone regeneration. As bone is a dynamic highly vascularized tissue, the vascularization of the polymeric scaffolds is vital for successful bone regeneration. Several in vivo and in vitro strategies have been used to vascularize the polymeric scaffolds. In this review, the application of the most commonly used natural polymers is discussed.
骨骼是一种具有自我修复功能的动态器官，持续的重塑可确保骨骼结构和功能随时间的推移而恢复。然而，骨骼重塑无法修复大的创伤性损伤。因此，需要进行手术干预和使用骨替代物。骨组织工程的目的是修复和再生组织，并设计一种骨移植物作为骨替代物。为了实现这一目标，已经使用了几种天然或合成聚合物来开发一种具有生物相容性和可生物降解的聚合物结构。在这些聚合物中，天然聚合物具有更高的生物相容性、优异的生物降解性和无毒副作用。到目前为止，胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、明胶、丝素蛋白、藻酸盐、纤维素和淀粉已被广泛用于骨组织工程中。这些聚合物已被用作支架、水凝胶和微/纳米球。通过将生长因子和生物活性玻璃功能化，可以增加聚合物在骨再生方面的潜在用途。由于骨骼是一种具有动态性和高度血管化的组织，因此聚合物支架的血管化对于成功的骨再生至关重要。已经使用了几种体内和体外策略来使聚合物支架血管化。在这篇综述中，讨论了最常用的天然聚合物的应用。
