Reduction of Thermal Residual Strain in a Metal-CFRP-Metal Hybrid Tube Using an Axial Preload Tool Monitored through Optical Fiber Sensors.

Thermal residual strains/stresses cause several defects in hybrid structures and various studies have reported the reduction of residual strain. This paper describes a method for reducing thermal residual strains/stresses in metal-CFRP-metal hybrid tubes (MCMHT). The proposed axial preload tool provides two ways to reduce the thermal residual strains/stresses during the co-cure bonding process: pre-compressing of the metal layers and pre-stretching of the unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) layers. An online measurement technique with embedded optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is presented. Thermal residual strains are evaluated based on classical lamination theory with the assumption of plane stress. The theoretical calculations and measurement results agree well. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the MCMHTs are tested. The results show that the reduction of residual strain increases the natural frequency of the MCMHT, but is detrimental to the damping capability of the MCMHT, which imply that the intrinsic properties of the metal-composite hybrid structure can be modified by the proposed axial preload tool.