Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA, USA.
Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France.
Science. 2022 Oct 28;378(6618):412-417. doi: 10.1126/science.abq7704. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
Two >130-meter-diameter impact craters formed on Mars during the later half of 2021. These are the two largest fresh impact craters discovered by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter since operations started 16 years ago. The impacts created two of the largest seismic events (magnitudes greater than 4) recorded by InSight during its 3-year mission. The combination of orbital imagery and seismic ground motion enables the investigation of subsurface and atmospheric energy partitioning of the impact process on a planet with a thin atmosphere and the first direct test of martian deep-interior seismic models with known event distances. The impact at 35°N excavated blocks of water ice, which is the lowest latitude at which ice has been directly observed on Mars.
两个直径大于 130 米的撞击坑于 2021 年下半年在火星上形成。这是火星侦察轨道飞行器 16 年前开始运行以来发现的两个最大的新鲜撞击坑。撞击产生了两个最大的地震事件（震级大于 4），由洞察号在其 3 年任务期间记录。轨道图像和地震地面运动的结合使人们能够研究在一个大气层稀薄的行星上的撞击过程的地下和大气能量分配，并首次直接测试具有已知事件距离的火星深部内部地震模型。在北纬 35 度的撞击挖掘出了水冰块，这是在火星上直接观察到冰的最低纬度。
