艾滋病毒流行的南非女性中亲密伴侣暴力的综合病征:基于全国代表性数据的地理空间分析。
Syndemics of intimate partner violence among women in HIV endemic South Africa: geospatial analysis of nationally representative data.
机构信息
Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban, South Africa.
KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 27;12(1):18083. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20230-7.
Despite some improvement in lowering HIV incidence, HIV-related challenges, such as intimate partner violence (IPV), remain unacceptably high among women in South Africa. For decades, researchers and activists have pointed to the complex and intertwined reality of the substance abuse, violence and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic that endangers women. However, more recent systematic review/meta-analysis evidence points to inconclusive association between IPV and alcohol use. Furthermore, much of the evidence is often non-population-based that focuses on the co-occurrence rather than synergistic SAVA interaction. In this study, using the latest data from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SA-DHS), we identified geographic synergistic clustering of IPV associated with HIV and substance abuse in South Africa as a measure of population-level interactions among these factors. The SA-DHS is a nationally representative sample that includes wide-ranging data on health, social challenges and household geo-locations of 5,874 women who participated in the domestic violence module. First, geographical IPV, harmful alcohol use (as the substance abuse measure available in SA-DHS) and HIV clusters were identified using the Kulldorff spatial scan statistic in SaTScan. Second, synergistic interactions related to recent IPV (i.e. recent physical, sexual, emotional violence during the last 12 months) with harmful alcohol use and HIV challenge were measured using RERI [Relative excess risk due to interaction], AP [attributable proportion] and S [Synergy index]. In our results, we spatially identified geographical physical IPV syndemic interactions in parts of the Eastern Cape/Free State Provinces (RERI = 4.42 [95% CI: 2.34-6.51], AP = 0.56 [95% CI: 0.44-0.68], S = 2.77 [95% CI: 2.01-3.84], but not in other forms of IPV. Although IPV, based on decade old concept of SAVA syndemic, was less common/widespread than expected from the national scale population-based data, we identified population-level physical violence syndemic occurring in South Africa. Our study highlights the need to prioritize public health response targeting vulnerable populations residing in these high-risk areas of syndemic mechanisms linking these synergistic epidemics that women face in South Africa.
尽管在降低艾滋病毒发病率方面取得了一些进展,但艾滋病毒相关挑战,如亲密伴侣暴力(IPV),在南非女性中仍然高得令人无法接受。几十年来,研究人员和活动家一直指出,药物滥用、暴力和艾滋病(SAVA)综合征的复杂和相互交织的现实,对妇女构成了威胁。然而,最近的系统评价/荟萃分析证据表明,IPV 与酒精使用之间的关联没有定论。此外,大部分证据往往不是基于人口的,而是侧重于共同发生,而不是协同 SAVA 相互作用。在这项研究中,我们使用南非人口与健康调查(SA-DHS)的最新数据,确定了南非与艾滋病毒和药物滥用相关的 IPV 的地理协同聚类,作为这些因素在人群水平上相互作用的衡量标准。SA-DHS 是一个全国代表性样本,包括 5874 名参与家庭暴力模块的妇女的广泛健康、社会挑战和家庭地理位置数据。首先,使用 SaTScan 的 Kulldorff 空间扫描统计,确定了与 IPV、有害酒精使用(作为 SA-DHS 中可用的药物滥用措施)和艾滋病毒相关的地理集群。其次,使用 RERI[交互归因超额风险]、AP[归因比例]和 S[协同指数]测量了与最近的 IPV(即过去 12 个月内的身体、性、情感暴力)相关的协同作用与有害酒精使用和艾滋病毒挑战。在我们的结果中,我们在东开普省/自由州省的部分地区空间上确定了与身体 IPV 综合征相互作用的地理区域(RERI=4.42[95%CI:2.34-6.51],AP=0.56[95%CI:0.44-0.68],S=2.77[95%CI:2.01-3.84]),但其他形式的 IPV 则没有。尽管基于 SAVA 综合征的十年旧概念,IPV 比基于全国人口的基础数据预期的更为常见/广泛,但我们在南非发现了一种人群层面的身体暴力综合征。我们的研究强调需要优先考虑针对居住在这些综合征机制高危地区的弱势人群的公共卫生应对措施,这些机制将这些协同性流行病联系在一起,是南非妇女面临的流行病。
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