Knechtle Beat, Forte Pedro, Weiss Katja, Cuk Ivan, Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Sousa Caio Victor, Andrade Marilia Santos, Thuany Mabliny
Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Oct 11;9:990382. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.990382. eCollection 2022.
A plethora of factors determine elite cycling performance. Those include training characteristics, pacing strategy, aerodynamics, nutritional habits, psychological traits, physical fitness level, body mass composition, and contextual features; even the slightest changes in any of these factors can be associated with performance improvement or deterioration. The aim of the present case report is to compare the performances of the same ultra-cyclist in achieving two world records (WR) in 24 h cycling. We have analyzed and compared the distance covered and speed for each WR. The 24 h period was split into four-time intervals (0-6 h; > 6-12 h; > 12-18 h; > 18-24 h), and we compared the differences in the distance covered and speed between the two WRs. For both WRs, a strong negative correlation between distance and speed was confirmed ( = -0.85; = -0.89, for old and new WR, respectively). Differences in speed (km/h) were shown between the two WRs, with the most significant differences in 12-18 h (Δ = 6.50 km/h). For the covered distance in each block, the most significant differences were observed in the last part of the cycling (Δ = 38.54 km). The cyclist effective surface area (ACd) was 0.25 m less and 20% more drag in the new WR. Additionally, the mechanical power was 8%, the power to overcome drag was 31%, and the power-weight ratio was 8% higher in the new WR. The mechanical efficiency of the cyclist was 1% higher in the new WR. Finally, the heart rate (HR) presented significant differences for the first 6 h (Old WR: 145.80 ± 5.88 bpm; New WR: 139.45 ± 5.82 bpm) and between the 12 and 18 h time interval (Old WR: 133.19 ± 3.53 bpm; New WR: 137.63 ± 2.80 bpm). The marginal gains concept can explain the performance improvement in the new WR, given that the athlete made some improvements in technical specifications after the old WR.
众多因素决定了精英自行车运动表现。这些因素包括训练特点、配速策略、空气动力学、营养习惯、心理特质、身体素质水平、身体成分以及环境特征；这些因素中任何一个哪怕最微小的变化都可能与表现的提高或下降相关。本病例报告的目的是比较同一名超耐力自行车运动员在24小时骑行中创造两项世界纪录（WR）时的表现。我们分析并比较了每项世界纪录的骑行距离和速度。将24小时分为四个时间段（0 - 6小时；> 6 - 12小时；> 12 - 18小时；> 18 - 24小时），并比较了两项世界纪录之间骑行距离和速度的差异。对于两项世界纪录，均证实距离与速度之间存在很强的负相关（旧世界纪录(r = -0.85)；新世界纪录(r = -0.89)）。两项世界纪录的速度（千米/小时）存在差异，在12 - 18小时差异最为显著（(\Delta = 6.50)千米/小时）。对于每个时间段的骑行距离，在骑行的最后部分差异最为显著（(\Delta = 38.54)千米）。在新的世界纪录中，自行车运动员的有效表面积（(ACd)）减少了0.25平方米，阻力增加了20%。此外，新的世界纪录中机械功率高8%，克服阻力的功率高31%，功率重量比高8%。自行车运动员的机械效率在新的世界纪录中高1%。最后，心率在前6小时（旧世界纪录：145.80 ± 5.88次/分钟；新世界纪录：139.45 ± 5.82次/分钟）以及12至18小时时间段（旧世界纪录：133.19 ± 3.53次/分钟；新世界纪录：137.63 ± 2.80次/分钟）呈现出显著差异。鉴于运动员在旧世界纪录之后在技术规格方面有所改进，边际收益概念可以解释新的世界纪录中表现的提高。
