Graduate School of Humanities, Senshu University, 2-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2023 Jun;30(3):974-982. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02208-8. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
In a spatial Stroop task, the eye-gaze target produces the reversed congruency effect-responses become shorter when the gaze direction and its location are incongruent than when they are congruent. The present study examined the face inversion effect on the gaze spatial Stroop task to clarify whether the holistic face processing or part-based processing of the eyes is responsible for the reversed congruency effect. In Experiment 1, participants judged the gaze direction of the upright or inverted face with a neutral expression presented either in the left or right visual field. In Experiment 2, we examined whether face inversion interacted with facial expressions (i.e., angry, happy, neutral, and sad). Face inversion disrupted holistic face processing, slowing down the overall performance relative to the performance with upright faces. However, face inversion did not affect the reversed congruency effect. These results further support the parts-based processing account and suggest that while faces are processed holistically, the reversed congruency effect, relying on the extracted local features (i.e., eyes), may be processed in a part-based manner.
在空间 Stroop 任务中，眼动注视目标产生了反转的一致性效应——当注视方向与其位置不一致时，反应时间比一致时更短。本研究通过考察面孔倒置效应对注视空间 Stroop 任务的影响，来明确是眼睛的整体加工还是基于部件的加工导致了反转的一致性效应。在实验 1 中，参与者判断呈现于左或右视野中的、具有中性表情的正立或倒置面孔的注视方向。在实验 2 中，我们检验了面孔倒置是否与面部表情（即愤怒、高兴、中性和悲伤）相互作用。面孔倒置会破坏整体的面孔加工，使整体表现相对于正立面孔的表现变慢。然而，面孔倒置并不影响反转的一致性效应。这些结果进一步支持了基于部件的加工观点，并表明，虽然面孔是整体加工的，但依赖于提取的局部特征（即眼睛）的反转一致性效应可能是以基于部件的方式加工的。
