Amel Atoosa, Rossouw Simoné, Goolam Mubeen
Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
UCT Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2023 Jan;19(1):104-113. doi: 10.1007/s12015-022-10462-5. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
By virtue of its inaccessible nature, mammalian implantation stage development has remained one of the most enigmatic and hard to investigate periods of embryogenesis. Derived from pluripotent stem cells, gastruloids recapitulate key aspects of gastrula-stage embryos and have emerged as a powerful in vitro tool to study the architectural features of early post-implantation embryos. While the majority of the work in this emerging field has focused on the use of gastruloids to model embryogenesis, their tractable nature and suitability for high-throughput scaling, has presented an unprecedented opportunity to investigate both developmental and environmental aberrations to the embryo as they occur in vitro. This review summarises the recent developments in the use of gastruloids to model congenital anomalies, their usage in teratogenicity testing, and the current limitations of this emerging field.
由于其难以接近的特性，哺乳动物着床阶段的发育一直是胚胎发生过程中最神秘且最难研究的时期之一。类原肠胚源自多能干细胞，概括了原肠胚阶段胚胎的关键特征，并已成为研究着床后早期胚胎结构特征的强大体外工具。虽然这个新兴领域的大部分工作都集中在使用类原肠胚来模拟胚胎发生，但它们易于处理的特性和适用于高通量扩展的特点，为研究体外发生的胚胎发育和环境异常提供了前所未有的机会。本综述总结了使用类原肠胚模拟先天性异常的最新进展、它们在致畸性测试中的应用以及这个新兴领域目前的局限性。
