tRNA 修饰在 mRNA 翻译和疾病中的新兴功能。
Emerging functions of tRNA modifications in mRNA translation and diseases.
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
出版信息
J Genet Genomics. 2023 Apr;50(4):223-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.10.002. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
tRNAs are essential modulators that recognize mRNA codons and bridge amino acids for mRNA translation. The tRNAs are heavily modified, which are essential for forming a complex secondary structure that facilitates codon recognition and mRNA translation. In recent years, studies have identified the regulatory roles of tRNA modifications in mRNA translation networks. Misregulation of tRNA modifications is closely related to the progression of developmental diseases and cancers. In this review, we summarize the tRNA biogenesis process and then discuss the effects and mechanisms of tRNA modifications on tRNA processing and mRNA translation. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological and pathological functions of tRNA modifications, focusing on diseases including cancers.
tRNA 是识别 mRNA 密码子并将氨基酸桥接到 mRNA 翻译的重要调节剂。tRNA 受到强烈修饰，这对于形成复杂的二级结构至关重要，该结构有助于密码子识别和 mRNA 翻译。近年来，研究已经确定了 tRNA 修饰在 mRNA 翻译网络中的调节作用。tRNA 修饰的失调与发育性疾病和癌症的进展密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 tRNA 的生物发生过程，然后讨论了 tRNA 修饰对 tRNA 加工和 mRNA 翻译的影响和机制。最后，我们全面概述了 tRNA 修饰的生理和病理功能，重点关注包括癌症在内的疾病。
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