Dr. Nakayama is an associate professor, Hokkaido Muroran Public Health Center, Muroran, and in the Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan, Email:
Dr. Ohnishi is a professor, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Pediatr Dent. 2022 Sep 15;44(5):346-354.
he purpose of this study was to examine risk factors in the development of early childhood caries (ECC) at age three years in a prospective cohort study of 18- to 23-month-old children. This was a longitudinal observational study of 872 children 18 to 23 months of age in Hokkaido, Japan, with follow-up at age three years. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by parents or guardians of the children. The baseline survey contents included sex, age, the existence of smokers in the home, maternal smoking during pregnancy, nocturnal breastfeeding, snacking habits, bottle-feeding, frequency of parents brushing their child's teeth, the use of fluoride toothpaste, parents sharing of utensils with child, and socio-economic status. The number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (dmft) was obtained from dental examinations in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio for the new onset of ECC in threeyear-olds. The dmft at 18 to 23 months old, nocturnal breastfeeding, prolonged breastfeeding, snacking habits, parents brushing their child's teeth less frequently, and parental sharing utensils with the child were significantly associated with the incidence of ECC at age three years. The existence of early childhood caries in 18- to 23-month-olds may be a strong predictor of the new development of dental caries. Other lifestyles were found to be risk factors for the incidence of dental caries by age three years.
本研究旨在通过对 18 至 23 个月大的儿童进行前瞻性队列研究，探讨三岁儿童早期儿童龋（ECC）发生的危险因素。这是一项对日本北海道 872 名 18 至 23 个月大儿童进行的纵向观察研究，随访至三岁。通过家长或监护人填写的自填式问卷收集基线调查内容，包括性别、年龄、家中是否有吸烟者、母亲孕期吸烟、夜间母乳喂养、吃零食习惯、奶瓶喂养、父母给孩子刷牙的频率、使用含氟牙膏、父母与孩子共用餐具以及社会经济状况。基线和随访调查均进行口腔检查，获取孩子的患龋、失牙、补牙数（dmft）。采用 Logistic 回归分析估计三岁时新发生 ECC 的比值比。18 至 23 个月时的 dmft、夜间母乳喂养、延长母乳喂养时间、吃零食习惯、父母给孩子刷牙频率较低以及父母与孩子共用餐具与三岁时 ECC 的发生显著相关。18 至 23 个月儿童早期龋的存在可能是三岁时新发生龋齿的一个强预测因素。其他生活方式也被发现是三岁时发生龋齿的危险因素。
