School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
Nutrients. 2024 Apr 30;16(9):1355. doi: 10.3390/nu16091355.
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although numerous systematic reviews have been published regarding the association between breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC), the results remain inconclusive and equivocal. This systematic review synthesises the evidence on the association between breastfeeding and ECC. Five electronic databases and backward citation chasing were performed from inception until May 2023. A total of 31 studies (22 cohort studies and 9 case-control studies) were included in this review. The meta-analysis of the case-control studies showed statistically significant fewer dental caries in children who were breastfed for < 6 months compared to those who were breastfed for ≥6 months (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.41-0.67, < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in dental caries between children who were breastfed for <12 months and those who were breastfed for ≥12 months (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86, < 0.002). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference in dental caries in children who were breastfed for < 18 months compared to those who were breastfed for ≥18 months (RR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.92, = 0.030). Nocturnal breastfeeding increases the risk of ECC compared with no nocturnal breastfeeding (RR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.42-3.89, < 0.001). The findings suggest breastfeeding for more than 12 months and nocturnal breastfeeding increase the risk of ECC.
婴幼儿龋（ECC）是全球日益严重的公共卫生问题。尽管已经发表了许多关于母乳喂养与婴幼儿龋（ECC）之间关系的系统评价，但结果仍不确定且存在争议。本系统评价综合了母乳喂养与 ECC 之间关系的证据。从开始到 2023 年 5 月，我们对五个电子数据库和回溯引文进行了搜索。本综述共纳入 31 项研究（22 项队列研究和 9 项病例对照研究）。病例对照研究的荟萃分析显示，母乳喂养<6 个月的儿童龋齿明显少于母乳喂养≥6 个月的儿童（OR=0.53，95%CI 0.41-0.67，<0.001）。母乳喂养<12 个月和母乳喂养≥12 个月的儿童之间的龋齿差异有统计学意义（RR=0.65，95%CI 0.50-0.86，<0.002）。同样，母乳喂养<18 个月和母乳喂养≥18 个月的儿童之间的龋齿差异也有统计学意义（RR=0.41，95%CI 0.18-0.92，=0.030）。与无夜间母乳喂养相比，夜间母乳喂养会增加 ECC 的风险（RR=2.35，95%CI 1.42-3.89，<0.001）。研究结果表明，母乳喂养超过 12 个月和夜间母乳喂养会增加 ECC 的风险。
