Rodríguez Diana, Urbieta Itziar R, Velasco Ángel, Campano-Laborda Miguel Ángel, Jiménez Elena
Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, UCLM, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
Build Environ. 2022 Dec;226:109717. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109717. Epub 2022 Oct 23.
Despite the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Spanish educational centers were reopened after six months of lockdown. Ventilation was mostly adopted as a preventive measure to reduce the transmission risk of the virus. However, it could also affect indoor air quality (IAQ). Therefore, here we evaluate the ventilation conditions, COVID-19 risk, and IAQ in secondary school and university classrooms in Toledo (central Spain) from November 2020 to June 2021. Ventilation was examined by monitoring outdoor and indoor CO levels. CO, occupancy and hygrothermal parameters, allowed estimating the relative transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha and Omicron BA.1), , under different scenarios, using the web app . Additionally, the effect of ventilation on IAQ was evaluated by measuring indoor/outdoor (I/O) concentration ratios of O, NO, and suspended particulate matter (PM). University classrooms, particularly the mechanically ventilated one, presented better ventilation conditions than the secondary school classrooms, as well as better thermal comfort conditions. The estimated for COVID-19 ranged from intermediate (with surgical masks) to high (no masks, teacher infected). IAQ was generally good in all classrooms, particularly at the university ones, with I/O below unity, implying an outdoor origin of gaseous pollutants, while the source of PM was heterogeneous. Consequently, controlled mechanical ventilation systems are essential in educational spaces, as well as wearing well-fitting FFP2-N95 masks indoors is also highly recommended to minimize the transmission risk of COVID-19 and other airborne infectious diseases.
尽管存在新冠病毒传播风险，但西班牙的教育中心在封锁六个月后重新开放。通风大多被用作降低病毒传播风险的预防措施。然而，它也可能影响室内空气质量（IAQ）。因此，我们在此评估了2020年11月至2021年6月期间西班牙中部托莱多的中学和大学教室的通风条件、新冠病毒风险和室内空气质量。通过监测室外和室内的一氧化碳水平来检查通风情况。一氧化碳、占用情况以及湿热参数，使得能够使用网络应用程序在不同场景下估算新冠病毒（阿尔法和奥密克戎BA.1）的相对传播风险。此外，通过测量氧气、一氧化氮和悬浮颗粒物（PM）的室内/室外（I/O）浓度比来评估通风对室内空气质量的影响。大学教室，尤其是机械通风的教室，通风条件比中学教室更好，热舒适条件也更好。新冠病毒的估算风险范围从中等（佩戴外科口罩）到高（不戴口罩，教师感染）。所有教室的室内空气质量总体良好，尤其是大学教室，I/O低于1，这意味着气态污染物来自室外，而颗粒物的来源则多种多样。因此，在教育场所，受控的机械通风系统至关重要，同时强烈建议在室内佩戴贴合良好的FFP2-N95口罩，以尽量降低新冠病毒和其他空气传播传染病的传播风险。
