Zhang Zicheng, Liu Shifei, Yang Hanwu, Li Diangeng, Fan Yuwei, Zhang Jiande
College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2022 Oct 1;93(10):104703. doi: 10.1063/5.0103221.
The development of pulsed power technology requires an electron beam accelerator with high output power and repetitive operation. A compact repetitive electron beam accelerator based on a pulse transformer and a pulse forming line of high permittivity liquid, as an essential type of one, has attracted extensive attention at the present time. In this paper, the development of a compact high energy-density electron beam accelerator, viz., HEART-20, based on a propylene carbonate (PC) forming line is presented. The accelerator HEART-20 consists of a primary energy source, a pulse transformer, a PC pulse forming line, a gas spark gap switch, and a vacuum diode. First, the operation principle of the accelerator is described. Second, the design of the accelerator's parameters is presented. A pulse transformer is developed for rapid charging of the PC-filled pulse forming line. The coupling coefficient is above 0.9, the voltage ratio is about 200, and the operation voltage is about 800 kV. Third, the energy storage characteristics of PC are investigated. The insulation characteristics of PC under positive charging voltage are found to perform better than those under negative charging voltage. The insulating strength of PC can be improved by pressurization. Finally, the development of the accelerator HEART-20 is presented. Across a vacuum diode load, it can steadily operate at a 20 GW output power in 5 Hz rep-rate. Moreover, it can drive a magnetically insulated line oscillator to produce about 2.0 GW microwave. These findings provide a good foundation for the development of a rep-rate intensive electron beam accelerator with promising applications for the future.
脉冲功率技术的发展需要高输出功率且能重复运行的电子束加速器。基于脉冲变压器和高介电常数液体脉冲形成线的紧凑型重复电子束加速器作为其中一种重要类型，目前已引起广泛关注。本文介绍了基于碳酸丙烯酯（PC）形成线的紧凑型高能量密度电子束加速器HEART - 20的研制情况。加速器HEART - 20由初级能源、脉冲变压器、PC脉冲形成线、气体火花隙开关和真空二极管组成。首先，描述了加速器的工作原理。其次，介绍了加速器参数的设计。研制了一种用于对充满PC的脉冲形成线快速充电的脉冲变压器。其耦合系数大于0.9，电压比约为200，工作电压约为800 kV。第三，研究了PC的储能特性。发现PC在正充电电压下的绝缘特性优于负充电电压下的绝缘特性。通过加压可提高PC的绝缘强度。最后，介绍了加速器HEART - 20的研制情况。在真空二极管负载下，它能以5 Hz的重复频率稳定运行在20 GW的输出功率。此外，它还能驱动磁绝缘线振荡器产生约2.0 GW的微波。这些研究结果为未来具有广阔应用前景的重复频率强流电子束加速器的发展奠定了良好基础。
