Hedberg Riley, Messamore William, Poppe Tanner, Tarakemeh Armin, Baker Jordan, Burkholder Rick, Salazar Luis, Vopat Bryan G, Darche Jean-Philippe
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS.
Kans J Med. 2022 Oct 24;15(3):360-364. doi: 10.17161/kjm.vol15.18217. eCollection 2022.
Current evidence showed a variable rate of emergency action plan (EAP) implementation and a low rate of compliance to EAP guidelines in United States secondary schools. Compliance to EAP recommendations in Kansas high schools is not known. The purpose of this study was to identify the emergency preparedness of high school athletics in the state of Kansas and identify prevailing characteristics of schools that correlate with decreased compliance of an EAP.
Athletic directors for high schools in the state of Kansas were asked to participate in a web-based questionnaire that was emailed to each athletic director. The questionnaire identified demographics of the study population, EAP implementation rates, compliance to national EAP guidelines, access to certified medical personnel, and training received by athletics personnel. Descriptive statistics were then compiled and reported.
The response rate for the survey was 96% (341/355). A total of 94.1% (320/340) of schools have an EAP, 81.4% (276/339) of schools have an automated external defibrillator (AED) at all athletic venues, and 51.8% (176/340) of schools had an athletic trainer (AT) on staff. Urban schools were significantly more likely than rural schools to have an AT on staff (OR = 11.10, 95% CI = [6.42, 19.18], p < 0.0001), have an EAP (OR = 3.69, 95% CI = [1.05, 13.02], p = 0.0303), require additional training for coaches (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = [1.42, 5.08], p = 0.0017), and have an AED on-site for some events (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = [1.24, 3.81], p = 0.0057).
Most Kansas high schools have an EAP in place and have at least one AED. Emergency planning should be improved through venue specific EAPs, access to early defibrillation, and additional training. Rural and lower division schools had less AT staffing and consequently were impacted more significantly than urban and higher division schools by these factors. These factors should be taken into account in future improvement strategies.
目前的证据表明，美国中学的应急预案（EAP）实施率各不相同，且对EAP指南的遵守率较低。堪萨斯州高中对EAP建议的遵守情况尚不清楚。本研究的目的是确定堪萨斯州高中体育赛事的应急准备情况，并确定与EAP合规性降低相关的学校普遍特征。
堪萨斯州高中的体育主管被要求参与一项基于网络的问卷调查，问卷通过电子邮件发送给每位体育主管。该问卷确定了研究人群的人口统计学特征、EAP实施率、对国家EAP指南的遵守情况、获得认证医务人员的情况以及体育人员接受的培训。然后编制并报告描述性统计数据。
调查的回复率为96%（341/355）。共有94.1%（320/340）的学校有EAP，81.4%（276/339）的学校在所有体育场馆都有自动体外除颤器（AED），51.8%（176/340）的学校有一名体育教练（AT）在职。城市学校在职有AT的可能性显著高于农村学校（OR = 11.10，95% CI = [6.42, 19.18]，p < 0.0001），有EAP（OR = 3.69，95% CI = [1.05, 13.02]，p = 0.0303），要求教练接受额外培训（OR = 2.69，95% CI = [1.42, 5.08]，p = 0.0017），并且在一些赛事中有现场AED（OR = 2.18，95% CI = [1.24, 3.81]，p = 0.0057）。
大多数堪萨斯州高中都有EAP，并且至少有一台AED。应通过针对特定场馆的EAP、早期除颤通道和额外培训来改进应急计划。农村和低年级学校的AT人员配备较少，因此受这些因素的影响比城市和高年级学校更大。在未来的改进策略中应考虑这些因素。
