Universitat de València (Spain).
Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA) (Spain).
Span J Psychol. 2022 Nov 3;25:e27. doi: 10.1017/SJP.2022.23.
Bullying remains one of the most serious problems affecting school systems around the world. The negative consequences of bullying in the short and long term have been widely documented, showing that victimized students are at greater risk of suffering psychosocial distress. In this paper, we first summarize the current situation of bullying prevention, adopting a contextual perspective, and briefly highlighting the characteristics of the most effective prevention programs. Secondly, we address a disturbing phenomenon detected in classrooms where bullying has been reduced through interventions and which has been termed "the healthy context paradox". In these healthier contexts, students who remain in a situation of victimization have been found to present poorer psychological adjustment after the intervention. Understanding the causes of this phenomenon may offer clues for the prevention of bullying. In this regard, we present three hypotheses recently proposed to explain the phenomenon. Finally, we offer some implications for the study and prevention of bullying derived from "the healthy context paradox".
欺凌仍然是影响全球学校系统的最严重问题之一。欺凌在短期和长期造成的负面影响已被广泛记录在案，表明受害学生遭受心理社会困扰的风险更大。在本文中，我们首先从背景角度总结了欺凌预防的现状，并简要强调了最有效的预防计划的特点。其次，我们探讨了在课堂上发现的一种令人不安的现象，即在通过干预减少欺凌的情况下，被称为“健康背景悖论”。在这些更健康的环境中，我们发现那些仍然处于受害状态的学生在干预后表现出较差的心理调整。了解这种现象的原因可能为欺凌的预防提供线索。在这方面，我们提出了最近提出的三个假设来解释这一现象。最后，我们从“健康背景悖论”中为欺凌的研究和预防提供了一些启示。
