Bennett Benjamín, Urzúa-Encina Constanza, Pardo-Roa Catalina, Ariyama Naomi, Lecocq Claudio, Rivera Carlos, Badía Catalina, Suárez Paulina, Agredo Michel, Aguayo Carolina, Ávila Claudia, Araya Hugo, Pérez Patricio, Berrios Felipe, Agüero Belén, Mendieta Vanessa, Pituco Edviges Maristela, de Almeida Iassudara Garcia, Medina Rafael, Brito Barbara, Johow Magdalena, Ramirez Victor Neira
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Nov;69(6):e3462-e3468. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14747. Epub 2022 Nov 11.
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus and the only member of the Senecavirus A (SVA) species, in the Senecavirus genus, Picornaviridae family. SVV infection causes vesicular lesions in the oral cavity, snout and hooves of pigs. This infection is clinically indistinguishable from trade-restrictions-related diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. Other clinical manifestations include diarrhoea, anorexia, lethargy, neurological signs and mortality in piglets during their first week of age. Before this study, Chile was considered free of vesicular diseases of swine, including SVV. In April 2022, a suspected case of vesicular disease in a swine farm was reported in Chile. The SVV was confirmed and other vesicular diseases were ruled out. An epidemiological investigation and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the origin and extent of the outbreak. Three hundred ninety-five samples from 44 swine farms were collected, including faeces (208), oral fluid (28), processing fluid (14), fresh semen (61), environmental samples (80) and tissue from lesions (4) for real-time RT-PCR detection. Until June 2022, the SVV has been detected in 16 out of 44 farms, all epidemiologically related to the index farm. The closest phylogenetic relationship of the Chilean SVV strain is with viruses collected from swine in California in 2017. The direct cause of the SVV introduction has not yet been identified; however, the phylogenetic analyses suggest the USA as the most likely source. Since the virus remains active in the environment, transmission by fomites such as contaminated feed cannot be discarded. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of the introduction of novel SVV and other transboundary swine pathogens to Chile.
塞内卡山谷病毒（SVV）是一种无包膜的RNA病毒，是小RNA病毒科塞内卡病毒属塞内卡病毒A（SVA）种的唯一成员。SVV感染会在猪的口腔、口鼻部和蹄部引起水疱性病变。这种感染在临床上与口蹄疫等与贸易限制相关的疾病无法区分。其他临床表现包括腹泻、厌食、嗜睡、神经症状以及仔猪在出生后第一周的死亡率。在本研究之前，智利被认为没有包括SVV在内的猪水疱性疾病。2022年4月，智利报告了一个养猪场疑似水疱性疾病病例。SVV得到确诊，其他水疱性疾病被排除。进行了流行病学调查和系统发育分析，以确定疫情的起源和范围。从44个养猪场收集了395份样本，包括粪便（208份）、口腔液（28份）、加工液（14份）、新鲜精液（61份）、环境样本（80份）和病变组织（4份），用于实时RT-PCR检测。截至2022年6月，在44个农场中的16个检测到了SVV，所有这些农场在流行病学上都与索引农场有关。智利SVV毒株与2017年从加利福尼亚州猪身上分离的病毒具有最密切的系统发育关系。SVV传入的直接原因尚未确定；然而，系统发育分析表明美国是最有可能的来源。由于病毒在环境中仍然活跃，不能排除通过受污染饲料等污染物传播的可能性。需要进一步研究来确定新的SVV和其他跨界猪病原体传入智利的风险。
