Figueiredo Cátia, Grilo Tiago F, Oliveira Rui, Ferreira Inês João, Gil Fátima, Lopes Clara, Brito Pedro, Ré Pedro, Caetano Miguel, Diniz Mário, Raimundo Joana
MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment, IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, Algés 1495-165, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal.
MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
Aquat Toxicol. 2022 Dec;253:106346. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106346. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
Humans have exhaustively combusted fossil fuels, and released pollutants into the environment, at continuously faster rates resulting in global average temperature increase and seawater pH decrease. Climate change is forecasted to exacerbate the effects of pollutants such as the emergent rare earth elements. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the combined effects of rising temperature (Δ = + 4 °C) and decreasing pH (Δ = - 0.4 pH units) on the bioaccumulation and elimination of gadolinium (Gd) in the bioindicator bivalve species Spisula solida (Surf clam). We exposed surf clams to 10 µg L of GdCl for seven days, under warming, acidification, and their combination, followed by a depuration phase lasting for another 7 days and investigated the Gd bioaccumulation and oxidative stress-related responses after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure and the elimination phase. Gadolinium accumulated after just one day with values reaching the highest after 7 days. Gadolinium was not eliminated after 7 days, and elimination is further hampered under climate change scenarios. Warming and acidification, and their interaction did not significantly impact Gd concentration. However, there was a significant interaction on clam's biochemical response. The augmented total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation values show that the significant impacts of Gd on the oxidative stress response are enhanced under warming while the increased superoxide dismutase and catalase values demonstrate the combined impact of Gd, warming & acidification. Ultimately, lipid damage was greater in clams exposed to warming & Gd, which emphasizes the enhanced toxic effects of Gd in a changing ocean.
人类一直在以越来越快的速度彻底燃烧化石燃料，并向环境中排放污染物，导致全球平均气温上升和海水pH值下降。预计气候变化会加剧诸如新兴稀土元素等污染物的影响。因此，本研究的目的是评估温度升高（Δ = +4°C）和pH值降低（Δ = -0.4个pH单位）对生物指示双壳类物种坚固拟浪蛤（Surf clam）中钆（Gd）的生物累积和消除的综合影响。我们将拟浪蛤暴露于10 μg/L的GdCl中7天，分别处于升温、酸化及其组合条件下，随后是持续7天的净化阶段，并在暴露1、3和7天后以及净化阶段研究了Gd的生物累积和氧化应激相关反应。钆在仅一天后就开始累积，7天后达到最高值。7天后钆没有被消除，并且在气候变化情景下消除进一步受阻。升温和酸化及其相互作用对Gd浓度没有显著影响。然而，对蛤的生化反应存在显著的相互作用。总抗氧化能力和脂质过氧化值的增加表明，在升温条件下，Gd对氧化应激反应的显著影响会增强，而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶值的增加则表明了Gd、升温和酸化的综合影响。最终，暴露于升温和Gd的蛤中脂质损伤更大，这强调了在不断变化的海洋中Gd的毒性作用增强。
