Brown R B
Postgrad Med. 1986 Feb 1;79(2):241-50. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1986.11699283.
Community-acquired bronchitis and pneumonia are common conditions that can be approached in a methodical manner. Knowledge of the patient's epidemiologic history, any underlying conditions, and the clinical presentation should allow the physician to make a rational empirical judgment concerning therapy and the need for hospitalization. Most patients with bronchitis and many with pneumonia can be treated as outpatients if the diagnosis is certain and the patient is compliant and is not severely ill. However, if the diagnosis is in doubt or if other issues surface, strong consideration should be given to early hospitalization. All reasonable efforts should be made to identify a specific pathogen, although in many instances the clinician can make valid empirical choices, obviating invasive and potentially dangerous procedures. If the patient has an adverse drug reaction or otherwise responds unsatisfactorily to treatment, more invasive measures may be necessary.
社区获得性支气管炎和肺炎是常见病症，可采用有条不紊的方法进行处理。了解患者的流行病学史、任何潜在疾病以及临床表现，应能使医生对治疗和住院需求做出合理的经验性判断。如果诊断明确且患者依从性好、病情不严重，大多数支气管炎患者以及许多肺炎患者可作为门诊患者进行治疗。然而，如果诊断存疑或出现其他问题，则应强烈考虑早期住院。应尽一切合理努力确定特定病原体，尽管在许多情况下临床医生可以做出有效的经验性选择，从而避免进行侵入性和潜在危险的操作。如果患者出现药物不良反应或以其他方式对治疗反应不佳，则可能需要采取更具侵入性的措施。
