Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2023 Apr;45(4):344-362. doi: 10.1177/01939459221128125. Epub 2022 Nov 4.
Sickness symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety, and fatigue) are common among people with chronic illness, often presenting as a symptom cluster. Sickness symptoms persist in many patients with chronic kidney disease, even after kidney transplantation (KT); however, little is known about sickness symptom-induced burden in KT recipients. This scoping review synthesizes available evidence for sickness symptoms in KT recipients, including findings on symptom prevalence, predictors, outcomes, interrelationships, and clustering. Among 38 reviewed studies, none identified sickness symptoms as a cluster, but we observed interrelationships among the symptoms examined. Fatigue was the most prevalent sickness symptom, followed by anxiety and depressive symptoms. Predictors of these symptoms included demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors, and health-related quality of life was the most researched outcome. Future research should use common data elements to phenotype sickness symptoms, include biological markers, and employ sophisticated statistical methods to identify potential clustering of sickness symptoms in KT recipients.
患病症状（抑郁症状、焦虑和疲劳）在慢性病患者中很常见，通常表现为症状群。许多慢性肾脏病患者即使接受了肾移植（KT）后，患病症状仍会持续存在；然而，KT 受者因患病症状而产生的负担知之甚少。本范围综述综合了 KT 受者患病症状的现有证据，包括症状流行率、预测因素、结局、相互关系和聚类的研究结果。在综述的 38 项研究中，没有一项将患病症状确定为聚类，但我们观察到所检查的症状之间存在相互关系。疲劳是最常见的患病症状，其次是焦虑和抑郁症状。这些症状的预测因素包括人口统计学、临床和社会心理因素，而健康相关生活质量是研究最多的结局。未来的研究应该使用通用数据元素来表现患病症状，包括生物学标志物，并采用复杂的统计方法来识别 KT 受者患病症状的潜在聚类。
