School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jan;311(Pt 1):137084. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137084. Epub 2022 Nov 2.
Recently, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have been of wide concern due to their ecological toxicity, persistence, and ubiquity in aquatic environments. Peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) have shown great potential for eliminating PPCPs due to their superior oxidation ability and adaptability. Biochar-based nanohybrids have been employed as emerging catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Until now, few researchers have summarized PMS activation by biochar-based catalysts for PPCPs removal. In this review, the types, sources, fates, and ecological toxicities of PPCPs were first summarized. Furthermore, various preparation and modification methods of biochar-based catalysts were systematically introduced. Importantly, the application of activating PMS with biochar-based multifunctional nanocomposites for eliminating PPCPs was reviewed. The influencing factors, such as catalysts dosage, PMS dosage, solution pH, temperature, anions, natural organic matters (NOMs), and pollutants concentration were broadly discussed. Biochar-based catalysts can act as electron donors, electron acceptors, and electron shuttles to activate PMS for the removal of PPCPs through radical pathways or/and non-radical pathways. The degradation mechanisms of PPCPs are correlated with persistent free radicals (PFRs), metal species, defective sites, graphitized degree, functional groups, electronic attributes, and the hybridization modes of biochar-based catalysts. Finally, the current problems and further research directions on the industrial application of biochar-based nanocomposites were proposed. This study provides some enlightenment for the efficient removal of PPCPs with biochar-based catalysts in PMS-AOPs.
近年来，由于在水生环境中具有生态毒性、持久性和普遍性，药品和个人护理用品（PPCPs）受到了广泛关注。基于过一硫酸盐的高级氧化工艺（PMS-AOPs）由于其优越的氧化能力和适应性，在消除 PPCPs 方面显示出巨大的潜力。基于生物炭的纳米杂化材料已被用作过一硫酸盐（PMS）活化的新兴催化剂。到目前为止，很少有研究人员总结过基于生物炭的催化剂对 PPCPs 去除的 PMS 活化。在这篇综述中，首先总结了 PPCPs 的类型、来源、命运和生态毒性。此外，还系统地介绍了基于生物炭的催化剂的各种制备和改性方法。重要的是，综述了利用基于生物炭的多功能纳米复合材料激活 PMS 去除 PPCPs 的应用。广泛讨论了各种影响因素，如催化剂用量、PMS 用量、溶液 pH 值、温度、阴离子、天然有机物（NOMs）和污染物浓度。基于生物炭的催化剂可以作为电子供体、电子受体和电子穿梭体，通过自由基途径和/或非自由基途径激活 PMS 去除 PPCPs。PPCPs 的降解机制与持久自由基（PFRs）、金属物种、缺陷位点、石墨化程度、官能团、电子特性以及基于生物炭的催化剂的杂化模式有关。最后，提出了基于生物炭的纳米复合材料在工业应用中存在的问题和进一步的研究方向。本研究为基于生物炭的催化剂在 PMS-AOPs 中有效去除 PPCPs 提供了一些启示。
