Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center.
Department of Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center; Universidad Cientifica del Sur.
Surg Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;102(6):989-1005. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2022.06.003.
Gynecomastia is a common benign breast disease involving abnormally increased mammary gland tissue that can affect men of all ages. It is usually due to a hormonal imbalance without a definitive underlying cause (idiopathic), or secondary to medications/drugs, systemic disorders, or malignancy. Gynecomastia is often self-limiting, and its management is watchful waiting. Other male benign breast diseases, such as cysts, lipomas, seromas, infections, and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, should be worked up in a similar manner and often require surgical drainage or excision.
男性乳房发育症是一种常见的良性乳腺疾病，涉及异常增加的乳腺组织，可影响所有年龄段的男性。它通常是由于激素失衡而没有明确的潜在原因（特发性），或继发于药物/药物、系统性疾病或恶性肿瘤。男性乳房发育症通常是自限性的，其治疗方法是密切观察等待。其他男性良性乳腺疾病，如囊肿、脂肪瘤、血清肿、感染和假血管瘤样间质增生，应采用类似的方法进行检查，通常需要手术引流或切除。
