Ellyson Alice M, Adhia Avanti, Kroshus Emily, Wright Davene R
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Patient. 2023 Jan;16(1):77-88. doi: 10.1007/s40271-022-00600-z. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
Sexual violence (SV) is prevalent among US college athletes, but formal reports are rare. Little is known about adaptations to institution-level reporting policies and procedures that could facilitate reporting.
We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey with 1004 student-athletes at ten Division I NCAA member institutions to examine how attributes of the reporting system influence the decision to formally report SV to their institution. Changes in utility values were estimated using multinomial logistic regression and mixed multinomial logistic regression. Importance scores were compared to understand student-athlete preferences.
In order of relative importance, the two attributes most preferred by student-athletes were higher probabilities of students perpetrating SV being found in violation of code of conduct policies (relative importance score = 33), and the availability of substance use amnesty policies (relative importance score = 24). Student-athletes with prior SV experiences were more likely to opt out of formally reporting in the DCE paired choice, had lower estimated utility values for all attributes, and had less between-person heterogeneity. While anonymous reporting and survivor-initiated investigations were preferred by student-athletes on average, there was considerable valuation heterogeneity between student-athletes (sizeable deviations from mean estimated utilities). These two attributes also varied in relative importance; anonymous reporting had higher relative importance after interacting levels with prior SV experiences and competitive status, but lower relative importance after interacting levels with whether a student-athlete played on men's or women's sports teams.
Changes to reporting policies and procedures (e.g., transparency about SV reporting outcomes, implementing substance use amnesty policies) may be promising institution-level interventions to increase formal reporting of SV among student-athletes. More research is needed to understand preference heterogeneity between students and generalize these findings to broader student populations.
性暴力（SV）在美国大学生运动员中很普遍，但正式报告却很少。对于如何调整机构层面的报告政策和程序以促进报告，人们了解甚少。
我们对美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）第一分区的10所成员机构的1004名学生运动员进行了一项离散选择实验（DCE）调查，以研究报告系统的属性如何影响向其机构正式报告性暴力的决定。使用多项逻辑回归和混合多项逻辑回归估计效用值的变化。比较重要性得分以了解学生运动员的偏好。
按相对重要性排序，学生运动员最喜欢的两个属性是学生实施性暴力行为被认定违反行为准则政策的概率更高（相对重要性得分 = 33），以及提供药物使用赦免政策（相对重要性得分 = ）。有过性暴力经历的学生运动员在DCE配对选择中更有可能选择不进行正式报告，对所有属性的估计效用值较低，且个体间异质性较小。虽然平均而言，学生运动员更喜欢匿名报告和由幸存者发起的调查，但学生运动员之间的估值存在相当大的异质性（与平均估计效用有相当大的偏差）。这两个属性的相对重要性也有所不同；在与先前的性暴力经历和竞争地位的水平进行交互后，匿名报告的相对重要性较高，但在与学生运动员是参加男子还是女子运动队的水平进行交互后，相对重要性较低。
报告政策和程序的改变（例如，性暴力报告结果的透明度、实施药物使用赦免政策）可能是有前景的机构层面干预措施，以增加学生运动员中性暴力的正式报告。需要更多研究来了解学生之间的偏好异质性，并将这些发现推广到更广泛的学生群体。
