Fridland Ellen, Wiers Corinde E, Rinck Mike, Becker Eni S, Gladwin Thomas E
King's College London, London, UK.
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Br J Health Psychol. 2023 May;28(2):383-396. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12630. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
In terms of dual process models, behaviour can be conceived of as the outcome of an interplay between reflective, top-down and impulsive, bottom-up processes. Behaviour change interventions may benefit from targeting both types of processes in a coherent way. One approach to this, in the context of reducing hazardous drinking, is to combine imagery involving real-life situations involving alcohol with the simple actions involved in Approach Bias Modification (ApBM), a form of Cognitive Bias Modification.
We developed and tested a version of this Imagery-enhanced Approach Bias Modification (IApBM) in an experimental design, with two independent factors: imagery versus control and ApBM versus control training components (N = 139).
An effect of integrating the training factors was hypothesized on the alcohol-approach bias of an alcohol Approach-Avoidance Task. Further exploratory analyses were performed for the bias on alcohol-related Single Attribute Implicit Association Tests and on alcohol-related questionnaires. Finally, the psychometric properties of an imagery interference effect during training were explored.
Results showed no benefit of the training and in fact suggested a negative interaction in which combining the training components appeared to block reductions in craving effected by each in isolation. The reliability of the imagery-related interference effect was high and the effect was correlated with alcohol-related scales.
In conclusion, it appears that interference between training components decreases their individual effects when combining imagery and ApBM in the current way. The imagery-related interference effects that could be measured during training conditions may be useful as an implicit measure of automatic processes underlying hazardous drinking.
根据双加工模型，行为可被视为反思性的自上而下过程与冲动性的自下而上过程之间相互作用的结果。行为改变干预可能会从以连贯的方式针对这两种过程中受益。在减少有害饮酒的背景下，一种实现此目的的方法是将涉及饮酒的现实生活场景的意象与趋近偏向修正（ApBM，一种认知偏向修正形式）中涉及的简单行为相结合。
我们在一项实验设计中开发并测试了这种意象增强趋近偏向修正（IApBM）的一个版本，该设计有两个独立因素：意象与对照以及ApBM与对照训练成分（N = 139）。
假设训练因素的整合对酒精趋近 - 回避任务中的酒精趋近偏向有影响。对与酒精相关的单属性内隐联想测验的偏向以及与酒精相关的问卷进行了进一步的探索性分析。最后，探索了训练期间意象干扰效应的心理测量特性。
结果显示训练没有益处，实际上表明存在负向交互作用，即组合训练成分似乎会阻碍各自单独产生的对渴望的降低效果。与意象相关的干扰效应的可靠性很高，且该效应与酒精相关量表相关。
总之，以当前方式将意象和ApBM结合时，训练成分之间的干扰似乎会降低它们各自的效果。在训练条件下可测量的与意象相关的干扰效应可能作为有害饮酒背后自动过程的一种内隐测量有用。
