Ózsvári László, Ivanyos Dorottya
Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Oct 19;9:956843. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.956843. eCollection 2022.
The aim of our study was to survey and analyze the use of pre- and post-milking teat disinfectants and milking machine cleaning products in large commercial Holstein-Friesian farms. A total of 43 Hungarian dairy farms with 31,430 cows with an average herd size of 731 cows were surveyed in 2014 by using a questionnaire personal interviews. In the statistical analysis, we used ANOVA models and Tukey's multiple comparison method. Furthermore, seven in-depth individual interviews were conducted with farm managers. The results showed that 83.7% of the farms used different pre-milking disinfection methods (65.1% teat dips) and all of them applied post-milking disinfection. In the herds, chlorhexidine (42.9%) and other chlorine (21.4%) compounds were the most widely used active ingredients in the pre-milking disinfection, while iodine in the post-milking disinfection (53.8%). Lactic acid was ranked second in both disinfections (25.0 vs. 41.0%). In post-milking teat disinfection, the use of iodine and lactic acid combined with other active ingredients showed a significant relationship with SCC ( = 0.0454; = 0.0113). In the milking machine cleaning process, the most frequently used active ingredients were sodium hypochlorite (80.0%) and sodium hydroxide (60.0%) as caustic detergents, while phosphoric acid (81.3%) as an acidic product. A significant relationship was found between the use of phosphoric acid combined with nitric acid, and the use of a combination of phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and organic acid and SCC ( = 0.0483; = 0.0477). For farm decision-makers, the most decisive factor in the procurement of teat disinfectants was the active ingredient (3.4 on a scale of 1 to 10 where 1 was the most important), while regarding milking machine cleaning products the price (3.2).
我们研究的目的是调查和分析大型商业化荷斯坦 - 弗里生奶牛场中挤奶前和挤奶后乳头消毒剂以及挤奶机清洁产品的使用情况。2014年，我们通过问卷调查和个人访谈对匈牙利的43个奶牛场进行了调查，这些奶牛场共有31430头奶牛，平均牛群规模为731头。在统计分析中，我们使用了方差分析模型和图基多重比较方法。此外，还与农场经理进行了7次深入的个人访谈。结果表明，83.7%的农场使用了不同的挤奶前消毒方法（65.1%为乳头药浴），并且所有农场都进行了挤奶后消毒。在这些牛群中，洗必泰（42.9%）和其他氯化合物（21.4%）是挤奶前消毒中使用最广泛的活性成分，而碘是挤奶后消毒中使用最广泛的活性成分（53.8%）。乳酸在两种消毒中均排名第二（25.0%对41.0%）。在挤奶后乳头消毒中，碘和乳酸与其他活性成分的联合使用与体细胞数（SCC）呈显著关系（P = 0.0454；P = 0.0113）。在挤奶机清洁过程中，最常用的活性成分作为苛性洗涤剂是次氯酸钠（80.0%）和氢氧化钠（60.0%），而作为酸性产品的是磷酸（81.3%）。发现磷酸与硝酸联合使用，以及磷酸、硝酸和有机酸联合使用与体细胞数之间存在显著关系（P = 0.0483；P = 0.0477）。对于农场决策者而言，采购乳头消毒剂时最具决定性的因素是活性成分（在1至10的量表上为3.4，其中1为最重要），而对于挤奶机清洁产品，价格是最具决定性的因素（3.2）。
