使用经验采样法在日常生活中测量持续性创伤后应激障碍症状是否可以接受和可行？
Is it acceptable and feasible to measure prolonged grief disorder symptoms in daily life using experience sampling methodology?
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
出版信息
Compr Psychiatry. 2022 Nov;119:152351. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152351. Epub 2022 Oct 25.
INTRODUCTION
Current grief research is dominated by cross-sectional studies assessing prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptoms retrospectively. Examining grief in daily life, using Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM), may advance the field. Because of the lack of ESM-research on PGD, we evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of assessing PGD symptoms in daily life of bereaved people.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
ESM-items assessing PGD symptoms were developed using cognitive interviewing with five ESM/grief experts. Eighty bereaved adults completed these ESM-items five times a day for two weeks. Before and after this ESM-phase, interviews were administered assessing PGD retrospectively (using the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Clinical Administered). t-tests were performed comparing symptom severity of aggregated moment-to-moment recall (using ESM-items) with retrospective recall (based on interviews) of PGD symptoms. Acceptability of participating in ESM-research (assessed with the Reactions to Research Participation Questionnaire) was examined using descriptive statistics. Feasibility was evaluated by reporting compliance and retention rates.
RESULTS
Minor changes were made to the ESM-items based on expert interviews. Average levels of aggregated moment-to-moment recall of the symptoms "yearning" (d = -1.04), "preoccupation with the deceased" (d = -0.91), "marked sense of disbelief" (d = -0.43), and "intense loneliness" (d = -0.28) were lower compared with retrospective recalling these symptoms. On average, bereaved people were neutral about personal benefits gained through participation in this EMS-study. They indicated that participation did not raise emotional reactions. Compliance and retention rates were 60% and 65%, respectively.
DISCUSSION
Our findings indicate that whereas compliance and retention is challenging, using ESM to study PGD symptoms in daily life might be useful. Nevertheless, more research is needed.
简介
目前的悲伤研究主要以横断面研究为主，回顾性评估持续性悲伤障碍（PGD）的症状。使用经验采样法（ESM）来研究日常生活中的悲伤可能会推动该领域的发展。由于缺乏关于 PGD 的 ESM 研究，我们评估了在丧亲者的日常生活中评估 PGD 症状的可接受性和可行性。
材料和方法
使用认知访谈法，与五名 ESM/悲伤专家一起开发了评估 PGD 症状的 ESM 项目。八十名丧亲的成年人在两周内每天五次完成这些 ESM 项目。在这个 ESM 阶段之前和之后，通过使用创伤性悲伤清单-临床管理版（Traumatic Grief Inventory-Clinical Administered）进行回顾性访谈，评估 PGD 的症状。使用 t 检验比较了聚合瞬间回忆（使用 ESM 项目）与 PGD 症状的回顾性回忆（基于访谈）之间的症状严重程度。使用研究参与反应问卷（Reactions to Research Participation Questionnaire）来评估对参与 ESM 研究的可接受性，使用描述性统计进行评估。通过报告遵守率和保留率来评估可行性。
结果
根据专家访谈，对 ESM 项目进行了一些小的修改。“渴望”（d=-1.04）、“对死者的专注”（d=-0.91）、“明显的难以置信感”（d=-0.43）和“强烈的孤独感”（d=-0.28）等症状的聚合瞬间回忆的平均水平低于这些症状的回顾性回忆。平均而言，丧亲者对通过参与这项 EMS 研究获得的个人收益持中立态度。他们表示，参与不会引起情绪反应。遵守率和保留率分别为 60%和 65%。
讨论
我们的研究结果表明，虽然遵守率和保留率具有挑战性，但使用 ESM 研究日常生活中的 PGD 症状可能是有用的。然而，还需要更多的研究。
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