Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Institute for Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Dec 21;10(6):e0341922. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03419-22. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
Cancer pagurus is highly susceptible to shell disease syndrome. However, little is known about concomitant changes in the epibacterial community. We compared the bacterial communities of black spot affected and nonaffected areas of the carapace by amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and 16S rRNA. Within each spot, bacterial communities of affected areas were less diverse compared to communities from nonaffected areas. Communities of different affected spots were, however, more divergent from each other, compared to those of different nonaffected areas. This indicates a reduced and shifted microbial community composition caused by the black spot disease. Different communities found in black spots likely indicate different stages of the disease. In affected areas, rose to one of the most abundant and active families due to the increase of spp., suggesting a significant role in shell disease syndrome. We isolated 75 bacterial strains from diseased and healthy areas, which are primarily affiliated with and , reflecting the dominant phyla detected by amplicon sequencing. The ability to degrade chitin was mainly found for and spp. within the , while the ability to use acetylglucosamine, the monomer of the polysaccharide chitin, was observed for most isolates, including many . One-third of the isolates, including most spp., showed antagonistic properties, indicating a high potential for interactions between the bacterial populations. The combination of bacterial community analysis and the physiological properties of the isolates provided insights into a functional complex epibacterial community on the carapace of C. pagurus. In recent years, shell disease syndrome has been detected for several ecologically and economically important crustacean species. Large proportions of populations are affected, e.g., >60% of the widely distributed species Cancer pagurus in different North Sea areas. Bacteria play a significant role in the development of different forms of shell disease, all characterized by microbial chitinolytic degradation of the outer shell. By comparing the bacterial communities of healthy and diseased areas of the shell of C. pagurus, we demonstrated that the disease causes a reduced bacterial diversity within affected areas, a phenomenon co-occurring also with many other diseases. Furthermore, the community composition dramatically changed with some taxa rising to high relative abundances and showing increased activity, indicating strong participation in shell disease. Characterization of bacterial isolates obtained from affected and nonaffected spots provided deeper insights into their physiological properties and thus the possible role within the microbiome.
脊尾白虾极易感染壳疾病综合征。然而，有关其表皮细菌群落的伴随变化知之甚少。我们通过扩增子测序 16S rRNA 基因和 16S rRNA 比较了受黑斑影响和未受影响甲壳区域的细菌群落。在每个黑斑内，受影响区域的细菌群落与未受影响区域的群落相比多样性较低。然而，不同受影响斑点的群落彼此之间更为不同，而与不同未受影响区域的群落则更为相似。这表明由黑斑病引起的微生物群落组成减少和转移。在黑斑中发现的不同群落可能表明疾病的不同阶段。在受影响的区域，由于 spp.的增加， 科上升为最丰富和最活跃的科之一，这表明其在壳疾病综合征中具有重要作用。我们从患病和健康区域分离出 75 株细菌，这些细菌主要与 和 有关，反映了扩增子测序检测到的优势门。降解几丁质的能力主要存在于 和 属的细菌中，而使用几丁质的单体乙酰葡萄糖胺的能力则在大多数分离株中观察到，包括许多 属。三分之一的分离株，包括大多数 spp.，表现出拮抗特性，表明细菌种群之间存在很高的相互作用潜力。细菌群落分析和分离株的生理特性相结合，为 属在脊尾白虾甲壳上的功能复杂表皮细菌群落提供了深入的了解。近年来，壳疾病综合征已在几种具有生态和经济重要性的甲壳类动物物种中被发现。很大比例的种群受到影响，例如，在北海不同地区广泛分布的物种 的患病比例超过 60%。细菌在不同形式的壳疾病的发展中起着重要作用，所有这些疾病的特征都是外壳微生物几丁质降解。通过比较 属甲壳的健康和患病区域的细菌群落，我们证明疾病会导致受影响区域的细菌多样性减少，这种现象也与许多其他疾病同时发生。此外，群落组成发生了巨大变化，一些分类群的相对丰度增加，活性增加，表明它们在壳疾病中发挥了重要作用。从受影响和未受影响的斑点获得的细菌分离物的特征提供了对其生理特性的更深入了解，从而深入了解其在微生物组中的可能作用。
