Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.
Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2023 Jan;177:42-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.007. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
The essence of the Turing-Child theory (Schiffmann, 1991, 2017) is the direct and spontaneous conversion of chemical energy into simultaneous differentiation and morphogenesis, and all localised biological work and localised entropy-reducing processes. This is done via the identification of the Turing instability with cAMP and ATP being the Turing morphogens that mutually fulfil the five Turing inequalities. A flower model like the ABC model is derived from experiments with mutations. But what actually generates the model in real development? That is, how do genes of class A come to be expressed in the sepal and petal whorls, genes of class B in the petal and stamen whorls, and genes of class C in the stamen and carpel whorls. We suggest that the generation of the ABC model occurs via sequential compartmentalisation by Turing-Child eigenfunction patterns similar to the one occurring in Drosophila (Schiffmann, 2012). We also suggest a similar mechanism for the generation of the dorso-lateral-ventral polarity and bilateral symmetry. A mechanism for the generation of the regular location of the floral organs is also suggested. The symmetry and regularity of flowers, which are the source of their attraction and beauty, stem from the symmetry and regularity of the Turing-Child eigenfunctions. The central problem in developmental biology is the endless regress. This endless regress is halted by the Turing-Child pre-patterns and this is illustrated on a central example in flower generation. Both the shape and the chemistry - the steady-state rate of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis - of the Turing-Child pre-patterns are exactly what is required. Art and science meet in flower formation.
图灵-孩子理论的本质（Schiffmann，1991，2017）是化学能的直接和自发转化为同时的分化和形态发生，以及所有局部化的生物工作和局部化的熵减少过程。这是通过将图灵不稳定性与 cAMP 和 ATP 识别为图灵形态发生物来实现的，它们相互满足五个图灵不等式。像 ABC 模型这样的花模型是从突变实验中得出的。但是，在实际发育中，是什么实际产生了这个模型呢？也就是说，A 类基因如何在萼片和花瓣轮中表达，B 类基因在花瓣和雄蕊轮中表达，C 类基因在雄蕊和心皮轮中表达。我们建议，ABC 模型的产生是通过类似于在果蝇中发生的图灵-孩子本征函数模式的顺序分区化来实现的（Schiffmann，2012）。我们还提出了一种类似的机制来产生背-侧-腹极性和双侧对称性。还提出了一种用于生成花器官规则位置的机制。花的对称性和规则性，是它们吸引力和美丽的来源，源于图灵-孩子本征函数的对称性和规则性。发育生物学中的核心问题是无穷无尽的回归。这种无尽的回归被图灵-孩子预模式所阻止，这在花的生成的一个中心例子中得到了说明。图灵-孩子预模式的形状和化学性质——ATP 合成和水解的稳态速率——正是所需要的。艺术和科学在花朵形成中相遇。
