Bansal Reema, Gupta Vishali
Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2022 Nov 9;12(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12348-022-00312-3.
Tubercular association with serpiginous choroiditis, also called 'serpiginous-like choroiditis' or 'multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis' (MSC) is reported from world over, especially from endemic countries. Though the exact mechanism is not yet clear, a direct or indirect infectious trigger by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is believed to cause choroiditis.The link of immune mechanisms with ocular inflammation caused by MTB is emerging, and has been supported by both experimental and human data. The molecular and histopathological findings of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis have been demonstrated in clinicopathological reports, as well as in animal models. Young to middle-aged healthy males are more frequently affected. The choroiditis lesions of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis evolve as multifocal lesions, affecting the retinal periphery as well as posterior pole. They begin as discrete lesions, and spread in a serpiginoid pattern to become confluent. Fundus imaging including autofluorescence is extremely helpful in monitoring patients for response to therapy. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical. Corroborative evidence is obtained by a positive tuberculin skin test, or a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold (Cellestis, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia) test, and/or radiological (chest X-ray or chest CT scan) evidence of TB elsewhere in the body. Systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy to control active inflammation, while ATT helps to reduce recurrence of inflammatory attacks. Immunosuppressive agents are indicated in cases with relentless progression, paradoxical worsening, or recurrent choroiditis.
世界各地均有报道结核与匐行性脉络膜炎相关,后者也被称为“匐行样脉络膜炎”或“多灶性匐行性脉络膜炎”(MSC),在结核病流行国家尤为常见。尽管确切机制尚不清楚,但人们认为结核分枝杆菌(MTB)直接或间接的感染诱因会导致脉络膜炎。MTB引起的眼部炎症与免疫机制之间的联系正在显现,并且已得到实验数据和人体数据的支持。结核性匐行样脉络膜炎的分子和组织病理学发现已在临床病理报告以及动物模型中得到证实。年轻至中年的健康男性更常受到影响。结核性匐行样脉络膜炎的脉络膜炎病变以多灶性病变形式发展,累及视网膜周边部和后极部。病变起初为离散性病灶,然后呈匐行样扩散并融合。包括自发荧光在内的眼底成像对监测患者的治疗反应极为有用。其诊断主要依靠临床。通过结核菌素皮肤试验阳性、或QuantiFERON-TB Gold(澳大利亚维多利亚州卡内基市Cellestis公司)试验阳性,和/或身体其他部位结核病的放射学(胸部X线或胸部CT扫描)证据可获得确证。全身性皮质类固醇是控制活动性炎症的主要治疗方法,而抗结核治疗有助于减少炎症发作的复发。对于病情持续进展、出现矛盾性恶化或复发性脉络膜炎的病例,需使用免疫抑制剂。