Zhao Wenxue, Zhao Huayuan, Wang Huasen, He Yong
Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, China.
Bashan Management Area of the Management Committee for Taishan Historic and Scenic Area in Tai'an City, Tai'an, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Oct 24;13:1044500. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1044500. eCollection 2022.
Leaf senescence, the final stage of leaf development, is one of the adaptive mechanisms formed by plants over a long period of evolution. Leaf senescence is accompanied by various changes in cell structure, physiological metabolism, and gene expressions. This process is controlled by a variety of internal and external factors. Meanwhile, the genes and plant hormones involved in leaf aging affect the quality, yield and stress resistance in horticultural plants. Leaf senescence mediated by plant hormones affected plant quality at both pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. Exogenous plant growth regulators or plant hormone inhibitors has been applied to delay leaf senescence. Modification of related gene expression by over-expression or antisense inhibition could delay or accelerate leaf senescence, and thus influence quality. Environmental factors such as light, temperature and water status also trigger or delay leaf senescence. Delaying leaf senescence could increase chloroplast lifespan and photosynthesis and thus improve source strength, leading to enhanced yield. Accelerating leaf senescence promotes nutrient redistribution from old leaves into young leaves, and may raise yield under certain circumstances. Many genes and transcriptional factors involved in leaf senescence are associated with responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. WRKY transcriptional factors play a vital role in this process and they could interact with JA signalling. This review summarized how genes, plant hormones and environmental factors affect the quality, yield. Besides, the regulation of leaf senescence holds great promise to improving the resistance to plant biotic and abiotic stresses.
叶片衰老作为叶片发育的最后阶段，是植物在长期进化过程中形成的适应性机制之一。叶片衰老伴随着细胞结构、生理代谢和基因表达的各种变化。这一过程受多种内部和外部因素的控制。同时，参与叶片衰老的基因和植物激素影响园艺植物的品质、产量和抗逆性。植物激素介导的叶片衰老在采前和采后阶段均影响植物品质。已应用外源植物生长调节剂或植物激素抑制剂来延缓叶片衰老。通过过表达或反义抑制对相关基因表达进行修饰可延缓或加速叶片衰老，进而影响品质。光、温度和水分状况等环境因素也会触发或延缓叶片衰老。延缓叶片衰老可延长叶绿体寿命和光合作用，从而提高源强，增加产量。加速叶片衰老促进养分从老叶向幼叶重新分配，在某些情况下可能提高产量。许多参与叶片衰老的基因和转录因子与对非生物和生物胁迫的响应有关。WRKY转录因子在此过程中起关键作用，它们可与茉莉酸信号相互作用。本综述总结了基因、植物激素和环境因素如何影响品质、产量。此外，对叶片衰老的调控在提高植物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性方面具有巨大潜力。
