Center of Hepatology, Zhong-Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Oct 28;28(40):5784-5800. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i40.5784.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health issue. Interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment has been used to treat hepatitis B for over 20 years, but fewer than 5% of Asians receiving IFN-α treatment achieve functional cure. Thus, IFN-α retreatment has been introduced to enhance antiviral function. In recent years, immune-related studies have found that the complex interactions between immune cells and cytokines could modulate immune response networks, in-cluding both innate and adaptive immunity, triggering immune responses that control HBV replication. However, heterogeneity of the immune system to control HBV infection, particularly HBV-specific CD8 T cell heterogeneity, has consequ-ential effects on T cell-based immunotherapy for treating HBV infection. Altogether, the host's genetic variants, negative-feedback regulators and HBV components affecting the immune system's ability to control HBV. In this study, we reviewed the literature on potential immune mechanisms affecting the immune control of HBV and the clinical effects of IFN-α treatment and retreatment.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。干扰素-α（IFN-α）治疗已被用于治疗乙型肝炎超过 20 年，但亚洲接受 IFN-α治疗的患者中，只有不到 5%的人能够实现功能性治愈。因此，引入了 IFN-α的再次治疗以增强抗病毒功能。近年来，免疫相关研究发现，免疫细胞和细胞因子之间的复杂相互作用可以调节免疫反应网络，包括固有免疫和适应性免疫，触发控制 HBV 复制的免疫反应。然而，免疫系统控制 HBV 感染的异质性，特别是 HBV 特异性 CD8 T 细胞的异质性，对基于 T 细胞的免疫疗法治疗 HBV 感染有重要影响。总之，宿主的遗传变异、负反馈调节剂和 HBV 成分影响免疫系统控制 HBV 的能力。在这项研究中，我们回顾了关于影响 HBV 免疫控制的潜在免疫机制以及 IFN-α治疗和再次治疗的临床效果的文献。
