Arch Suicide Res. 2024 Jan-Mar;28(1):107-122. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2136023. Epub 2022 Nov 10.
Transgender populations report higher suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts than the general population. This study sought to identify predictors of suicide in individuals with diverse gender identities, including transgender women; transgender men; and gender-nonbinary, genderqueer, and crossdressing individuals within various racial/ethnic groups.
Secondary analyses were conducted using the United States Transgender Survey ( = 27,204). The dependent variables were SI and suicide attempts in the past 12 months. The independent variables were gender, race, employment status, transactional sex, exposure to violence, and age. Bivariate, multivariable, and nested models were used to examine the association between variables.
Findings reveal transgender women to be more likely to report SI than other gender groups. White and Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely to have SI than Black participants. Transgender men and gender-nonbinary groups were significantly less likely to attempt suicide than transgender women, and crossdressers were not significantly different in suicide attempts than transgender women. Increased exposure to violence was associated with increased SI and suicide attempts. Increased age and part- or full-time employment were associated with decreased SI and suicide attempts. White transgender women were more likely to have attempted suicide than white transgender men and gender-nonbinary groups. Asian and biracial transgender women were more likely to have attempted suicide than the other gender groups.
Findings illuminate differences in suicide among individuals with diverse racial and gender identities and support the call for continued research on mental health experiences of these populations.HighlightsSuicide ideation and attempts varies by race and gender, including for people with diverse gender identitiesTransgender women and crossdressers are more likely to have attempted suicide than transgender men or gender-nonbinary individualsSuicide ideation and suicide attempts are associated with gender, race, employment, survival and transactional sex, violence exposure, and age.
跨性别群体比一般人群报告更高的自杀意念（SI）和自杀企图。本研究旨在确定具有不同性别认同的个体的自杀预测因素，包括跨性别女性；跨性别男性；以及各种种族/族裔群体中的非二元性别、酷儿和变装个体。
使用美国跨性别调查（ = 27,204）进行二次分析。因变量是过去 12 个月的 SI 和自杀企图。自变量是性别、种族、就业状况、交易性性行为、暴露于暴力和年龄。使用单变量、多变量和嵌套模型来检查变量之间的关联。
研究结果表明，跨性别女性比其他性别群体更有可能报告 SI。白人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔参与者比黑人参与者更有可能出现 SI。跨性别男性和非二元性别群体自杀企图的可能性明显低于跨性别女性，变装者与跨性别女性在自杀企图方面没有显著差异。增加暴露于暴力与增加 SI 和自杀企图有关。年龄增加和兼职或全职就业与 SI 和自杀企图减少有关。白人跨性别女性比白人跨性别男性和非二元性别群体更有可能自杀。亚裔和混血跨性别女性比其他性别群体更有可能自杀。
这些发现阐明了具有不同种族和性别认同的个体在自杀方面的差异，并支持继续研究这些人群的心理健康体验。
