Sánchez Manuela, Velásquez Yelitza, González Mónica, Cuevas Julián
Department of Agronomy, University of Almería, ceiA3, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Department of Research and Development, Polyfly S.L., Avenida de la Innovación 15, 04131 Almería, Spain.
Insects. 2022 Nov 5;13(11):1021. doi: 10.3390/insects13111021.
Watermelon () is an important crop worldwide. Pollination of this crop is carried out by insects, with honey bees ( spp.) and bumble bees ( spp.) as the most used in greenhouse production. Nevertheless, due to the extreme conditions in closed enclosures, these hymenopterans suffer management and behavior problems leading to insufficient pollination. The effectiveness of three release densities (15, 30, and 45 individuals/m) of was compared in diploid- and triploid-associated watermelon varieties under protected cultivation. Floral visits, pollen-pistil interaction after pollen transport, yield, and fruit quality were evaluated. The number of floral visits increased with release density in both pistillate and staminate flowers. No significant differences were observed, however, among release densities or between flower types in the duration of the visits. Floral preferences were not found in the behavior of in watermelon. High and medium release densities increased pollen deposition onto the stigma, and consequently the yield of the triploid variety compared to low release density, by 23.8 to 41.8% in 2020 and by 36.3 to 46.7% in 2021. The results of this trial demonstrate the potential of as a managed pollinator in protected cultivation of triploid watermelon.
西瓜（）是全球一种重要的作物。这种作物由昆虫进行授粉，蜜蜂（蜜蜂属）和熊蜂（熊蜂属）是温室生产中最常用的传粉昆虫。然而，由于封闭环境中的极端条件，这些膜翅目昆虫存在管理和行为问题，导致授粉不足。在保护地栽培条件下，比较了二倍体和三倍体相关西瓜品种中三种释放密度（15、30和45只/平方米）的（某种传粉昆虫，原文未明确写出具体名称）的效果。评估了访花情况、花粉传播后花粉与雌蕊的相互作用、产量和果实品质。雌蕊花和雄蕊花的访花次数均随释放密度的增加而增加。然而，在访花持续时间方面，各释放密度之间或花型之间未观察到显著差异。在西瓜中未发现（某种传粉昆虫，原文未明确写出具体名称）的行为存在花偏好。与低释放密度相比，高和中释放密度增加了花粉在柱头上的沉积，从而提高了三倍体品种的产量，2020年提高了23.8%至41.8%，2021年提高了36.3%至46.7%。该试验结果证明了（某种传粉昆虫，原文未明确写出具体名称）作为三倍体西瓜保护地栽培中人工管理传粉者的潜力。
