de Mendonça Ochs Soraya, Souza Thallis Martins, Sobrinho Rodrigo de Lima, de Oliveira Rodrigo B, Bernardes Marcelo Corrêa, Netto Annibal Duarte Pereira
FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde - INCQS, Departamento de Química, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil; FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Departamento de Controle de Qualidade, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 1;858(Pt 3):160033. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160033. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
Benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzenesulfonamides are emerging pollutants stable in aquatic media emitted by anthropogenic sources. Selected compounds of these classes were evaluated in the impacted urban Jacarepaguá Lagoon System (JLS) located in a tropical coastal region of Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil that has experienced a rapid expansion of urban occupation and environmental degradation in recent decades, and it represents a pioneering study of these compounds carried out in Brazilian areas. A method of solid phase extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass-spectrometry was implemented to evaluate water samples collected in different water bodies (rivers, lagoons, and channels) of the JLS from March 2017 to May 2018. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ≤ 10.0 ng L, method linearity up to 1000 μg L, and recoveries between 62 and 121 % at three different levels were obtained. Individual concentrations varied from < LOQ to 5260 ng L (benzotriazole, in May 2018) which also predominated in all river samples. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole predominated in samples taken in lagoons and channels in March 2017, and 2-aminobenzothiazole was never detected. River samples showed total concentrations up to 30 times larger in all sampling campaigns, except March 2017 when the sample taken at Tijuca Lagoon showed the largest total concentration of the compounds studied due to the largest concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2505 ng L) found in this study. Principal component analysis (PCA) using only composition data was unable to distinguish samples from rivers, and lagoons and channels, but a PCA combining composition data and environmental parameters (pH, Eh, dissolved O concentration, temperature, salinity, and conductivity) discriminated the samples according to two groups: rivers and lagoons and channels. The Joá Channel flows directly to the open sea and our data allowed a (preliminary) estimation of the total mass flows of the studied compounds to the open sea, which would vary between 1702 g day (March 2017) to 106 g day (May 2018) and allowed a preliminary estimative based on the geometric mean of input of 87.9 kg year, indicating the importance of the drainage area to the contamination of the coastal area, and consequently to ocean pollution.
苯并三唑、苯并噻唑和苯磺酰胺是人为源排放到水生介质中且性质稳定的新兴污染物。对这些类别中的特定化合物在位于巴西里约热内卢市热带沿海地区的受影响城市雅卡雷帕古阿泻湖系统（JLS）中进行了评估，该地区近几十年来城市扩张迅速且环境退化，这是在巴西地区对这些化合物开展的一项开创性研究。采用了一种先进行固相萃取，然后结合超高效液相色谱与电喷雾串联质谱的方法，来评估2017年3月至2018年5月期间在JLS不同水体（河流、泻湖和渠道）采集的水样。获得了定量限（LOQs）≤10.0 ng/L、方法线性范围高达1000 μg/L以及在三个不同水平下回收率在62%至121%之间的结果。各化合物的浓度范围从低于定量限到5260 ng/L（2018年5月的苯并三唑），且在所有河流样本中该化合物也占主导地位。2 - 巯基苯并噻唑在2017年三月采集的泻湖和渠道样本中占主导地位，且从未检测到2 - 氨基苯并噻唑。除2017年3月外，在所有采样活动中河流样本的总浓度高达其他样本的30倍，2017年3月在蒂茹卡泻湖采集的样本中研究的化合物总浓度最高，因为该样本中发现了本研究中浓度最高的2 - 巯基苯并噻唑（2505 ng/L）。仅使用成分数据的主成分分析（PCA）无法区分河流、泻湖和渠道的样本，但结合成分数据和环境参数（pH值, 氧化还原电位, 溶解氧浓度, 温度, 盐度和电导率）的主成分分析根据两组对样本进行了区分：河流组以及泻湖和渠道组。乔阿河直接流入公海，我们的数据使得（初步）估算出研究的化合物流入公海的总质量流量成为可能，该流量在1702 g/天（2017年3月）至106 g/天（2018年5月）之间，并基于输入量的几何平均值初步估算出为87.9 kg/年，这表明了排水区域对沿海地区污染进而对海洋污染的重要性。
