Sindhu Zia Ud Din, Naseer Muhammad Usman, Raza Ali, Aslam Bilal, Ahmad Javed, Abbas Rao Zahid, Khan Muhammad Kasib, Imran Muhammad, Zafar Muhammad Arif, Khattak Baharullah
Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovations, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Pathogens. 2022 Nov 4;11(11):1293. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111293.
Control of the cattle tick () mainly relies on chemical acaricides and cypermethrin is the most widely used acaricide in Pakistan. Farmers frequently complain about its low efficacy, thus, the present study was designed to quantify the frequency of cypermethrin resistance in cattle ticks. Engorged female were collected and tested for the efficacy of cypermethrin using the FAO-recommended larval packet test. Resistance factors (RF) were estimated at both the lethal concentration for 50% (LC) and 99% (LC) of ticks. Thirty-three samples were tested, of which 8/33 (24.24%) were classified as resistant based on the RF, and all 33 were classified as resistant based on the RF. In District Sargodha, when only the RF was considered, 45.5% of samples were classified as resistant, but at RF, all tested samples were identified as resistant. In District Okara, the variation in RF estimates was 2.2-8.3 and variation in RF estimates was 10.6-1139.8. Similar results were found in District Attock, where variations in RF were 0.8-8.5 and RF ranged from 9-237.3. The study showed that cypermethrin resistance is prevalent in these three districts of Pakistan and is likely to be overestimated by classification based on the RF.
牛蜱（）的防治主要依赖化学杀螨剂，氯氰菊酯是巴基斯坦使用最广泛的杀螨剂。农民经常抱怨其效果不佳，因此，本研究旨在量化牛蜱对氯氰菊酯的抗性频率。收集饱血雌蜱，使用粮农组织推荐的幼虫包囊试验检测氯氰菊酯的效果。在蜱虫致死浓度为50%（LC）和99%（LC）时估计抗性因子（RF）。测试了33个样本，其中8/33（24.24%）根据抗性因子被归类为抗性，所有33个样本根据抗性因子被归类为抗性。在萨戈达区，仅考虑抗性因子时，45.5%的样本被归类为抗性，但在抗性因子时，所有测试样本均被鉴定为抗性。在奥卡拉区，抗性因子估计值的变化范围为2.2 - 8.3，抗性因子估计值的变化范围为10.6 - 1139.8。在阿托克区也发现了类似结果，其中抗性因子的变化范围为0.8 - 8.5，抗性因子范围为9 - 237.3。该研究表明，氯氰菊酯抗性在巴基斯坦这三个地区普遍存在，并且基于抗性因子的分类可能高估了抗性情况。
