Infection and Nutrition Section, Health Research Institute, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica E-mail:
Environmental Protection Research Center (CIPA), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), P.O. Box 159-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica.
J Water Health. 2022 Feb;20(2):344-355. doi: 10.2166/wh.2022.230.
This study describes the quality of drinking water sampled over 2 years (2018 and 2019) from 20 ASADAS (Spanish acronym for Administrative Associations for Water and Sewer Systems) in Costa Rica. The analysis included Rotavirus (RV), somatic coliphages, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The ASADAS were categorized into three regions as temperate rainy (region 1), tropical rainy (region 2), and tropical rainy and dry (region 3) according to biogeographic classification. The concentrations of fecal coliforms and E. coli were higher in samples from surface water sources from the ASADAS in region 3 compared to regions 1 and 2. RV-positive samples (24/296) were detected in drinking-water samples from regions 2 and 3 during dry and transition seasons, with higher concentrations more frequently in the dry season. In addition, somatic coliphages were detected in samples from the three regions, with higher concentrations in region 2. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was found between somatic coliphages and diarrheal cases, classified as outbreaks or alerts in the region. Thus, the results confirmed that somatic coliphages are a good indicator of the presence of diarrhea cases in a specific region.
本研究描述了 2018 年和 2019 年两年间从哥斯达黎加 20 个 ASADAS（西班牙语缩写为水和污水系统管理协会）采集的饮用水的质量。分析包括轮状病毒（RV）、体性大肠噬菌体、粪大肠菌群和大肠杆菌。根据生物地理分类，ASADAS 被分为三个区域，即温带多雨区（第 1 区）、热带多雨区（第 2 区）和热带多雨干旱区（第 3 区）。与第 1 区和第 2 区相比，第 3 区地表水来源的 ASADAS 水样中粪大肠菌群和大肠杆菌的浓度更高。在干旱和过渡季节，第 2 区和第 3 区的饮用水样本中检测到 RV 阳性（24/296），且在旱季更频繁地检测到更高浓度。此外，在三个区域的样本中均检测到体性大肠噬菌体，且在第 2 区的浓度更高。此外，还发现体性大肠噬菌体与该地区的腹泻病例之间存在统计学上显著的关系，这些腹泻病例被归类为暴发或警报。因此，结果证实体性大肠噬菌体是特定地区腹泻病例存在的良好指标。
