National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601, Kerala, India.
International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Nov 12;22(1):851. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03558-7.
Since the traditional models missed the possibility of formulating personalised programs centred on a person's priorities and values, it was a pressing priority to shift from traditional disease-centred to a function-based approach of healthy ageing, which is defined as 'the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age'. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of high intrinsic capacity (IC) of older adults and to examine the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with IC among older adults in India.
The study utilises the individual-level data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017-18. The total sample size for the present study was 24,136 older adults (11,871 males and 12,265 females) aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics, along with bivariate analysis, was employed to present the preliminary results. Additionally, multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to find out the association of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors with IC and its components.
The mean IC score was found to be 7.37 (SD = 1.6) in this study. A proportion of 24.56% of older adults was observed to be in the higher IC category. Increasing age was negatively associated with high IC for older men and women. Older people who smoke tobacco (β = -0.23; CI: -0.32--0.13) and chew tobacco (β = -0.11; CI: -0.18--0.03) were less likely to experience high IC compared to their respective counterparts. Older adults who reported episodic alcohol drinking were less likely to have high IC (β = -0.20; CI:-0.32--0.07). The engagement in moderate physical activity (β = 0.12; CI:0.01-0.23), vigorous physical activity (β = 0.12; CI:0.05-0.20) and yoga-related activity (β = 0.18; CI:0.09-0.26) were significantly positively associated with high IC. Among the five domains of IC, education was significantly associated with higher capacity in each domain, and increasing age was found to be a significant predictor of lower capacity in each IC domain except locomotion. Older men and women engaged in vigorous physical activity had 35 and 19% significantly higher odds of high capacity in sensory (aOR = 1.35; CI: 1.12-1.62) and psychological (aOR = 1.19; CI: 1.06-1.34) domains, respectively.
The study revealed that lifestyle behaviours including tobacco use, episodic alcohol drinking and physical activity are strongly associated with IC among older adults in India. The findings suggest that healthy lifestyle behaviours should be encouraged among older adults as an effort to improve their IC, which is the key determinant of functional ability and quality of life in later years of life.
由于传统模型忽略了为个人的优先事项和价值观制定个性化方案的可能性，因此迫切需要将传统的以疾病为中心的方法转变为以功能为基础的健康老龄化方法，后者定义为“发展和维持功能能力的过程，使老年人能够保持良好的健康状况”。本研究旨在评估印度老年人高固有能力（IC）的流行情况，并研究与印度老年人 IC 相关的社会人口学和生活方式因素。
本研究利用 2017-18 年进行的印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）的个人水平数据。本研究的总样本量为 24136 名 60 岁及以上的老年人（男性 11871 名，女性 12265 名）。描述性统计和双变量分析用于呈现初步结果。此外，还进行了多变量线性和逻辑回归分析，以确定社会人口学和生活方式因素与 IC 及其组成部分的关联。
本研究发现，IC 的平均得分为 7.37（SD=1.6）。观察到 24.56%的老年人处于较高的 IC 类别。对于男性和女性老年人来说，年龄的增加与较高的 IC 呈负相关。与各自的对照相比，吸烟（β=-0.23；CI：-0.32--0.13）和咀嚼烟草（β=-0.11；CI：-0.18--0.03）的老年人不太可能经历高 IC。报告偶尔饮酒的老年人不太可能具有高 IC（β=-0.20；CI：-0.32--0.07）。适度的身体活动（β=0.12；CI：0.01-0.23）、剧烈的身体活动（β=0.12；CI：0.05-0.20）和瑜伽相关活动（β=0.18；CI：0.09-0.26）的参与与高 IC 显著正相关。在 IC 的五个领域中，教育与每个领域的更高能力显著相关，而年龄的增加被发现是每个 IC 领域较低能力的显著预测因素，除了运动能力。参与剧烈身体活动的男性和女性在感觉（aOR=1.35；CI：1.12-1.62）和心理（aOR=1.19；CI：1.06-1.34）方面的高能力的可能性分别高 35%和 19%。
该研究表明，印度老年人的 IC 与包括吸烟、偶尔饮酒和身体活动在内的生活方式行为密切相关。研究结果表明，应鼓励老年人养成健康的生活方式，以提高他们的 IC，这是晚年功能能力和生活质量的关键决定因素。
