Department of Water Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Nov 12;195(1):100. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10712-6.
Seawater intrusion is one of the causes of groundwater quality degradation in coastal zones. This phenomenon is intensified by overexploitation of coastal aquifers. In this paper, optimal management strategies have been determined to prevent the advance of seawater using a parallel simulation-optimization decision model. This model has been applied to a real case study of Ajabshir aquifer located in Urmia Lake basin, Iran, for a 20-year planning horizon (2015-2034). Four categorizes of new sustainability indices (indices of protection, reliability, vulnerability, and aquifer area with a groundwater problem) as the objective functions have been examined for the first time. The developed management problems based on these four categories have been solved under two different conditions of groundwater elevation and salinity concentration. The results of 20-year period simulations indicate that by changing the extraction pattern in different regions of the aquifer (as the decision variables) based on the solution of management problems, the largest decrease in net recharge (0.065 million cubic meters) occurs in the second half of the hydrologic year (October to March) compared to the continued condition in which all factors are similar to 2014. The contribution of using indices in this study can help the local water managers to identify the high-risk areas for better planning and other coastal settings.
海水入侵是沿海地区地下水水质恶化的原因之一。这种现象因沿海含水层的过度开采而加剧。本文采用平行模拟-优化决策模型，确定了防止海水推进的最优管理策略。该模型已应用于伊朗乌鲁米耶湖盆地的阿贾布希尔含水层的实际案例研究，规划期为 20 年（2015-2034 年）。首次作为目标函数检查了四类新的可持续性指数（保护指数、可靠性指数、脆弱性指数和有地下水问题的含水层面积指数）。基于这四类开发的管理问题在地下水抬升和盐度浓度两种不同条件下得到了解决。20 年模拟期的结果表明，通过根据管理问题的解决方案改变含水层不同区域的抽取模式（作为决策变量），与所有因素都类似于 2014 年的持续条件相比，在水文年的下半年（10 月至 3 月），净补给量（0.065 百万立方米）的最大降幅。在本研究中使用指数的贡献可以帮助当地水管理人员识别高风险地区，以便更好地进行规划和其他沿海地区的规划。
