Department of research, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Phys Sportsmed. 2023 Dec;51(6):549-557. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2148137. Epub 2022 Nov 27.
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is the most common chronic disease among elite athletes and when left untreated, can impact both respiratory health and sports performance. In recent years, there has been an increase in the awareness and detection of EIB in elite athletes. This narrative review aims to evaluate the risk, prevention, diagnosis, medication, and anti-doping policies of EIB in elite athletes, and to provide more references for athletes with EIB. The results showed that athletes of endurance, winter, and water sports generally have a higher prevalence of EIB than athletes of other sports. Adaptive warm-up before formal exercise and using heat exchange masks at low temperatures are effective ways for athletes to prevent EIB. For physicians, the exercise challenge test and eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea are the recommended diagnostic methods for EIB in athletes. The treatment of athletes with EIB is medication-based, such as inhaled corticosteroids and beta-2 agonists, but current anti-doping policies should be considered when used.
运动诱发性支气管收缩(EIB)是精英运动员中最常见的慢性疾病,如果不加以治疗,可能会影响呼吸健康和运动表现。近年来,人们对精英运动员中 EIB 的认识和检测有所增加。本综述旨在评估 EIB 在精英运动员中的风险、预防、诊断、药物治疗和反兴奋剂政策,并为患有 EIB 的运动员提供更多参考。结果表明,耐力、冬季和水上运动的运动员 EIB 患病率普遍高于其他运动项目的运动员。正式运动前的适应性热身和低温下使用热交换口罩是运动员预防 EIB 的有效方法。对于医生来说,运动挑战试验和呼气末正压通气是推荐的运动员 EIB 诊断方法。EIB 运动员的治疗基于药物,如吸入性皮质类固醇和β2 激动剂,但在使用时应考虑当前的反兴奋剂政策。