Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Mar;125:723-734. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.024. Epub 2022 Feb 27.
Cadmium (Cd) pollution of agricultural soil is of public concern due to its high potential toxicity and mobility. This study aimed to reveal the risk of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems, with a specific focus on the source-specific ecological risk, human health risk and Cd enrichment model. For this we investigated more than 6100 paired soil and grain samples with 216 datasets including soil Cd contents, soil pH and grain Cd contents of 85 sites from China. The results showed that mining activities, sewage irrigation, industrial activities and agricultural practices were the critical factors causing Cd accumulation in wheat and maize cultivated sites. Thereinto, mining activities contributed to a higher Cd accumulation risk in the southwest China and Middle Yellow River regions; sewage irrigation influenced the Cd accumulation in the North China Plain. In addition, the investigated sites were classified into different categories by comparing their soil and grain Cd contents with the Chinese soil screening values and food safety values, respectively. Cd enrichment models were developed to predict the Cd levels in wheat and maize grains. The results showed that the models exhibited a good performance for predicting the grain Cd contents among safe and warning sites of wheat (R = 0.61 and 0.72, respectively); while the well-fitted model for maize was prone to the overestimated sites (R = 0.77). This study will provide national viewpoints for the risk assessments and prediction of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems.
土壤镉污染引起了公众的关注，因为镉具有很高的潜在毒性和迁移性。本研究旨在揭示土壤和小麦/玉米系统中镉积累的风险，特别关注特定来源的生态风险、人类健康风险和镉富集模型。为此，我们调查了来自中国 85 个地点的超过 6100 对土壤和谷物样本，其中包括 216 组数据，包括土壤镉含量、土壤 pH 值和谷物镉含量。结果表明，采矿活动、污水灌溉、工业活动和农业活动是导致小麦和玉米种植区镉积累的关键因素。其中，采矿活动导致中国西南和黄河中游地区镉积累风险较高；污水灌溉影响了华北平原的镉积累。此外，通过将调查地点的土壤和谷物镉含量分别与中国土壤筛选值和食品安全值进行比较，将这些地点划分为不同类别。还开发了镉富集模型来预测小麦和玉米谷物中的镉水平。结果表明，这些模型在预测小麦安全和预警地区的谷物镉含量方面表现出良好的性能（分别为 R=0.61 和 0.72）；而对于玉米，拟合良好的模型容易高估一些地区（R=0.77）。本研究将为土壤和小麦/玉米系统中镉积累的风险评估和预测提供全国性的观点。
