Cai Li-Jun, Zhang Jing-Tao, Gai Zhi-Jia, Liu Jing-Qi, Guo Zhen-Hua, Zhao Gui-Fan, Meng Qing-Ying
Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sanjiang Plain Key Laboratory of Main Crops Breeding and Cultivation, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
Rice Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, Heilongjiang, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Oct;33(10):2736-2742. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202210.011.
The planting effect and the planting potential of 12 cover crops (Leguminous: alfalfa, smooth vetch, hairy vetch, red clover, white clover, common vetch; non-leguminous: sudangrass, green radish, Nitro radish, rape, kale, endive) in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China were comprehensively evaluated by soil penetration resistance, pre-winter biomass, root characteristics, and plant nitrogen accumulation. The results showed that all the 12 cover crops grew normally during the experimental sowing period. Compared with the control, all the cover crops successfully reduced soil compactness. The planting of green radish, nitro radish, and sudangrass decreased soil penetration resistance by 47.1%, 43.4% and 33.4%, respectively. The pre-winter total fresh biomass of cover crop populations was between 3.38 and 13.98 kg·m, and the total dry matter mass was between 0.78 and 2.43 kg·m. The biomass of non-leguminous cover crops was significantly higher than that of the leguminous cover crops. The group roots of radish, rape and endive had large volumes. In particular, the nitro radish roots had a vo-lume of 4018.5 cm·m, and the root system of sudangrass extended over the widest horizontal range. The ash content of leguminous cover crops was significantly lower than that of non-leguminous species, which could provide more organic matter with high decomposability. The total nitrogen accumulation of cover crops varied from 18.72 to 53.09 g·m. Kale and endive accumulated the highest amount of nitrogen and large biomass, which could facilitate nitrogen fixation and accumulation. According to the type of main crops in Sanjiang Plain and canopy structure, planting leguminous (clover, vetch, and alfalfa) and non-leguminous (radish, kale and sudangrass) cover crops to plant inter-row or in a line mixed cropping pattern could regulate soil structure and promote nutrient cycing, with positive effects on the fertility of black soil in the Sanjiang Plain.
通过土壤抗穿透性、越冬前生物量、根系特征和植物氮积累，对中国东北三江平原12种覆盖作物（豆科：苜蓿、光叶苕子、毛叶苕子、红三叶、白三叶、普通苕子；非豆科：苏丹草、青萝卜、饲用萝卜、油菜、羽衣甘蓝、苦苣）的种植效果和种植潜力进行了综合评价。结果表明，12种覆盖作物在试验播种期均生长正常。与对照相比，所有覆盖作物均成功降低了土壤紧实度。种植青萝卜、饲用萝卜和苏丹草后，土壤抗穿透性分别降低了47.1%、43.4%和33.4%。覆盖作物群体越冬前总鲜生物量在3.38至13.98 kg·m之间，总干物质质量在0.78至2.43 kg·m之间。非豆科覆盖作物的生物量显著高于豆科覆盖作物。萝卜、油菜和苦苣的群根体积较大。特别是饲用萝卜的根体积为4018.5 cm·m，苏丹草的根系水平延伸范围最广。豆科覆盖作物的灰分含量显著低于非豆科物种，能提供更多易分解的有机质。覆盖作物的总氮积累量在18.72至53.09 g·m之间。羽衣甘蓝和苦苣积累的氮量最高，生物量也大，有利于固氮和氮积累。根据三江平原主要作物类型和冠层结构，种植豆科（三叶草、苕子和苜蓿）和非豆科（萝卜、羽衣甘蓝和苏丹草）覆盖作物进行行间或条带混作模式，可调节土壤结构，促进养分循环，对三江平原黑土肥力有积极影响。
