Chen Chunming, Shao Yan, Zhong Hong, Huang Tianhua, Shen Jun, Xu Qian, Qing Chengyao, Liu Zehao, Sun Wenxiu, Li Min, Shi Wei
Department of Ophthalmology, Liyang Municipal Traditional Chinese Hospital Liyang 213300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Am J Transl Res. 2022 Oct 15;14(10):7164-7171. eCollection 2022.
To investigate the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in a local area (Liyang City) of China and analyze the influencing factors, so as to formulate corresponding preventive measures.
A questionnaire survey was conducted, mainly investigating subjects' age, gender, residence (urban/rural areas), parental myopia, daily time spent outdoors, daily sleep time, distance between computer screen and eyes, less than one punch (10 cm) from the chest to the edge of the desk when reading and writing, one inch (3 cm) between finger and pen tip when writing, number of in-school physical education (PE) classes, length of TV watching, and size of TV. The myopia of all participants was recorded.
This study enrolled 7,948 children and adolescents, including 4,733 (59.55%) cases of myopia, 1,025 (12.90%) of astigmatism, 251 (3.16%) of hyperopia, and 699 (8.79%) of anisometropia respectively. There were 2,519 (53.22%) cases of myopia in the left eye and 2,214 (46.78%) in the right eye. Low, moderate, and high myopia were determined in 2,682 (56.67%), 1,583 (33.45%), and 468 (9.89%), respectively. In terms of spherical equivalent (SEQ), a statistically lower SEQ was observed in urban areas (-1.56±0.46 d) versus suburban counties (-1.17±0.33 d), and in females (-1.68±0.30 d) compared with males (-1.17±0.44 d). The mean SEQ gradually decreased with age. The prevalence of myopia was 63.84% (2,436/3,816) in females, statistically higher than that of 55.59% (2,197/4,132) in males (χ=56.00, P < 0.0001). The incidence of myopia was statistically higher in urban areas (67.93% [3,321/4,889]) versus rural areas (46.16% [1,412/3,059]). Parental myopia, one inch between finger and pen tip when writing, daily time spent outdoors, daily sleep time, distance between computer screen and eyes, less than one punch from the chest to the edge of the desk when reading and writing, number of in-school PE classes, and daily length of TV watching were significantly correlated with the occurrence of myopia.
Parents are advised to pay attention to daily time spent outdoors, sleep time, distance between the computer screen and the eyes, distance between the chest and the edge of the table when reading and writing, and length of TV watching of their children. As far as schools are concerned, PE activity time should be properly maintained to ensure that children have enough outdoor exercise time to reduce eye fatigue.
调查中国某地区（溧阳市）儿童及青少年近视的患病率，并分析其影响因素，从而制定相应的预防措施。
开展问卷调查，主要调查对象的年龄、性别、居住地（城市/农村）、父母近视情况、每日户外活动时间、每日睡眠时间、电脑屏幕与眼睛的距离、读写时胸部离书桌边缘小于一拳（10厘米）、写字时手指与笔尖距离一寸（3厘米）、校内体育课节数、看电视时长以及电视尺寸。记录所有参与者的近视情况。
本研究共纳入7948名儿童及青少年，其中近视4733例（59.55%）、散光1025例（12.90%）、远视251例（3.16%）、屈光参差699例（8.79%）。左眼近视2519例（53.22%），右眼近视2214例（46.78%）。低度、中度和高度近视分别为2682例（56.67%）、1583例（33.45%）和468例（9.89%）。就等效球镜（SEQ）而言，城市地区（-1.56±0.46 D）的SEQ低于郊区（-1.17±0.33 D），女性（-1.68±0.30 D）低于男性（-1.17±0.44 D）。SEQ均值随年龄增长逐渐降低。女性近视患病率为63.84%（2436/3816），高于男性的55.59%（
