College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China, 210024; Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China, 210024.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Dec 15;248:114293. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114293. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Due to intensive human activities, most of Chinese lakes are suffering from the pollution of heavy metals and metalloids. Previous studies on heavy metals and metalloids in Chinese lakes were limited to a few lakes and mainly focused on sediments, to date the knowledge on heavy metals and metalloids in multiple media of Chinese lakes from a national perspective is scarce. We collected the data of nine heavy metals and metalloids including Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) in water, surface sediments, and fish of 87 Chinese lakes sampled in the period from 2009 to 2019 from the literature, summarized the distribution of heavy metals and metalloids, evaluated their pollution, and apportioned their sources from a national perspective. Concentration of individual heavy metal and metalloid in water, surface sediments, and fish in Chinese lakes was in the ranges of 0.0080-282 μg/L, 0.020-33858 μg/g, and 0.00030-207 μg/g, respectively. 5.6 % and 33.3 % of lake water were polluted by Cd and As. 88.2 %, 78.6 %, and 66 % of lake sediments were polluted by Cd, Hg, and As. 35.3 %, 11.3 %, 52.4 %, and 12.8 % of Cd, Pb, As, and Cr concentrations in lake fish exceeded the food limits. Concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in fish viscera were higher than those in other organs. Higher partition coefficient and bioaccumulation factors were found for Pb and Cd, Hg and Zn, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in both water and sediments of lakes in eastern China were higher than those in western China. Concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in both lake water and sediments of urban lakes were higher than those of rural lakes. Lakes with extremely high ecological risk of heavy metals and metalloids were mainly located in central China and eastern China. Pollution of heavy metals and metalloids in Chinese lakes was closely correlated with regional economic development. Heavy metals and metalloids in Chinese lakes were mainly derived from industrial, domestic, and mixed discharges. Cd and Hg were selected as the heavy metals for priority control in Chinese lakes.
由于人类活动的加剧，中国大多数湖泊都受到重金属和类金属的污染。以前对中国湖泊重金属和类金属的研究仅限于少数几个湖泊，主要集中在沉积物上，迄今为止，从全国范围来看，对中国湖泊多种介质中重金属和类金属的认识还很缺乏。我们从文献中收集了 2009 年至 2019 年期间在中国 87 个湖泊采集的水样、表层沉积物和鱼类中 9 种重金属和类金属（铜（Cu）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）、砷（As）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、锌（Zn）和锰（Mn））的数据，总结了重金属和类金属的分布情况，从全国范围评估了它们的污染状况，并对其来源进行了分配。中国湖泊水中、表层沉积物中和鱼类中各重金属和类金属的浓度分别在 0.0080-282μg/L、0.020-33858μg/g 和 0.00030-207μg/g 的范围内。5.6%和 33.3%的湖水受到 Cd 和 As 的污染。88.2%、78.6%和 66%的湖泊沉积物受到 Cd、Hg 和 As 的污染。35.3%、11.3%、52.4%和 12.8%的湖泊鱼类中 Cd、Pb、As 和 Cr 的浓度超过了食品限量。鱼类内脏中的重金属和类金属浓度高于其他器官。Pb 和 Cd、Hg 和 Zn 的分配系数和生物积累因子分别较高。中国东部湖泊的水和沉积物中的重金属和类金属浓度均高于中国西部。城市湖泊的水和沉积物中的重金属和类金属浓度均高于农村湖泊。重金属和类金属生态风险极高的湖泊主要位于中国中部和东部。中国湖泊的重金属和类金属污染与区域经济发展密切相关。中国湖泊中的重金属和类金属主要来自工业、生活和混合排放。Cd 和 Hg 被选为中国湖泊优先控制的重金属。
