Cüce Hüseyin, Kalipci Erkan, Ustaoğlu Fikret, Dereli Mehmet Ali, Alkaya Seda, Türkmen Aysun
Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
Department of Geomatic Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
Water Environ Res. 2025 Feb;97(2):e70013. doi: 10.1002/wer.70013.
The Ömerli Dam, supplied by multiple rivers that provide a major amount of Istanbul's water demands for drinking and irrigation, is experiencing toxicological threats due to rapid expansion, increased industrial activity, and population growth in light of the impending global drought. In this study, multivariate statistical analysis and spatial distribution based on geographic information system (GIS) was used to examine the status of pollution and health risk, irrigation water quality, and stochastic geo-environmental risk sources of 16 potentially toxic elements (PTEs: Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) concentrations from samples in the dam. Also, spatial analyzing of quality indices was used to assess the dam's feasibility for irrigation and drinking. As per the results of the study, the dam water has mild heavy metal (loid) pollution, which is measured at 16 PTE by the heavy metal (loid) pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal (loid) evaluation index (HEI) values. The pollution level is low during the rainy season and moderate during the dry season. The water at sampling station S3 (HPI = 146.50) is unfit for consumption and cannot be used for drinking. The majority of harmful metal species exhibited elevated concentrations (notably Pb: 51.78 μg/L, Cr: 8.55 μg/L) in the dam lake water, particularly during the dry season. The toxic metals Pb and Cd account for 15.95% of the total variance, with a high degree of loading. Lead concentrations were found to be above WHO and USEPA limit values only in S2 and S4 during the wet season, but above 0.01 mg/L in all stations except S1 during the dry. Dam water is acceptable for agricultural use, according on the results of the, sodium absorption rate, the percentage of Na and the magnesium damage index, average SAR < 0.9, Na% < 25, and MH < 50, respectively. HQ and HI values (all less than 1 in all PTEs) indicate that noncarcinogenic impacts might occur. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Ömerli Dam provides most of the drinking and potable water needs of a mega city like Istanbul. With this study, toxic metal pollution of dam surface water and its possible effects on human health were analyzed for the first time on a spatially wide scale.
奥默利大坝由多条河流供水，满足了伊斯坦布尔大部分的饮用水和灌溉用水需求。鉴于即将到来的全球干旱，由于快速扩张、工业活动增加和人口增长，该大坝正面临毒理学威胁。在本研究中，基于地理信息系统（GIS）的多元统计分析和空间分布被用于研究大坝样本中16种潜在有毒元素（PTEs：钠、镁、钾、钙、铝、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、汞和铅）的污染状况、健康风险、灌溉水质以及随机地质环境风险源。此外，利用质量指标的空间分析来评估大坝用于灌溉和饮用的可行性。根据研究结果，大坝水体存在轻度重金属（类金属）污染，通过重金属（类金属）污染指数（HPI）和重金属（类金属）评价指数（HEI）值对16种PTE进行了测量。雨季污染水平较低，旱季为中度。采样站S3的水（HPI = 146.50）不适合饮用，不能用于饮用。大多数有害金属物种在大坝湖水中呈现出较高浓度（特别是铅：51.78μg/L，铬：8.55μg/L），尤其是在旱季。有毒金属铅和镉占总方差的15.95%，具有较高的负荷。仅在雨季时，铅浓度在S2和S4中高于世界卫生组织和美国环境保护局的限值，但在旱季时除S1外所有站点的铅浓度均高于0.01mg/L。根据钠吸附率、钠百分比和镁危害指数的结果，大坝水可用于农业灌溉，平均SAR < 0.9，Na% < 25，且MH < 50。HQ和HI值（所有PTEs均小于1）表明可能会发生非致癌影响。从业者要点：奥默利大坝满足了像伊斯坦布尔这样的大城市的大部分饮用水和灌溉用水需求。通过本研究，首次在空间尺度上对大坝地表水的有毒金属污染及其对人类健康的可能影响进行了分析。
