College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China; China -Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
China -Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Dec;131:1182-1191. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.025. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
As a functional feed additive, yeast cultures are rich in nucleotides, and adding extra nuclease can significantly increase the content of nucleotides in yeast culture. In this experiment, the effects on growth, epidermal mucus, liver and intestinal health of zebrafish were evaluated by supplementing the yeast culture or nuclease-treated yeast culture with a high-fat diet (HFD). One-month-old zebrafish were fed four diets: normal diet (NORM), HFD, yeast culture diet (YC), and nuclease-treated yeast culture diet (YC (N)) for three weeks. Results showed that the complement 4 activity of the epidermal mucus in YC (N) group was significantly higher than those in HFD and YC groups (P < 0.05). The YC and YC (N) significantly reduced the content of hepatic triglyceride caused by HFD (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the YC group, the YC (N) significantly increased the expression of lipolysis genes, such as PPARα, PGC1α, ACOX3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the YC group, the YC (N) group significantly increased the expression of liver pro-inflammatory factors TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and anti-inflammatory factors TGFβ, IL-10 (P < 0.05). The diet YC and YC (N) significantly improved the height of the intestinal villus (P < 0.05). Compared with the HFD group, the YC (N) group significantly increased the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory factors TNFα, IL-6 and anti-inflammatory factors TGFβ, IL-10 (P < 0.05). The YC (N) group significantly decreased the abundance of intestinal Proteobacteria and Acinetobacter, and increased the abundance of intestinal Actinobacteria, Mycobacterium and Rhodobacter (P < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with the supplement of yeast culture, nuclease treated yeast culture can further alleviate the adverse effects of HFD on liver and intestinal health, and be used as feed additives for the nutritional and immune regulation of fish.
作为一种功能性饲料添加剂，酵母培养物富含核苷酸，额外添加核酸酶可以显著提高酵母培养物中核苷酸的含量。本实验通过在高脂肪饮食（HFD）中添加酵母培养物或经核酸酶处理的酵母培养物，评估其对斑马鱼生长、表皮黏液、肝脏和肠道健康的影响。将 1 月龄的斑马鱼用正常饮食（NORM）、高脂肪饮食（HFD）、酵母培养物饮食（YC）和经核酸酶处理的酵母培养物饮食（YC（N））四种饮食喂养 3 周。结果表明，YC（N）组表皮黏液补体 4 活性显著高于 HFD 组和 YC 组（P<0.05）。YC 和 YC（N）显著降低了 HFD 引起的肝甘油三酯含量（P<0.05）。此外，与 YC 组相比，YC（N）组显著增加了脂肪分解基因 PPARα、PGC1α、ACOX3 的表达（P<0.05）。与 YC 组相比，YC（N）组显著增加了肝促炎因子 TNFα、IL-6、IL-1β和抗炎因子 TGFβ、IL-10 的表达（P<0.05）。YC 和 YC（N）饮食显著增加了肠道绒毛高度（P<0.05）。与 HFD 组相比，YC（N）组显著增加了肠道促炎因子 TNFα、IL-6 和抗炎因子 TGFβ、IL-10 的表达（P<0.05）。YC（N）组显著降低了肠道变形菌门和不动杆菌属的丰度，增加了肠道放线菌门、分枝杆菌属和红杆菌属的丰度（P<0.05）。综上所述，与添加酵母培养物相比，经核酸酶处理的酵母培养物可以进一步减轻 HFD 对肝脏和肠道健康的不利影响，可作为鱼类营养和免疫调节的饲料添加剂。
