Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Forensic Psychiatric Centre Pompestichting, the Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Dec;143:104966. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104966. Epub 2022 Nov 18.
Psychopathy is a personality construct that encompasses a constellation of traits reflecting emotional dysfunction and antisocial behavior. This constellation has consistently been linked to poor decision-making, often focused on personal and monetary gains at the others' expense. However, there remains a lack of a systematic examination of how psychopathy is related to the prospect of obtaining monetary gains as a function of social context. Therefore, we conducted a series of meta-analyses to elucidate these relationships. Our findings indicated that elevated levels of psychopathy are related to a reduced tendency to cooperate with others, and no difference in the extent to which knowledge of others' retaliation possibilities informs decision-making. However, the type of social economic decision-making game employed moderated the association between psychopathic traits and total gain obtained, suggesting that context plays a key role in moderating the link between psychopathic features and decision-making. These findings advance our understanding of psychopathy and open new avenues for research on adaptive and maladaptive social behavior in individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits.
精神病态是一种人格结构，包含一系列反映情绪功能障碍和反社会行为的特征。这一特征一直与糟糕的决策有关，这些决策通常侧重于个人和金钱收益，而牺牲他人的利益。然而，对于精神病态如何与获得金钱收益的前景相关，以及社会环境如何影响这一关系，仍缺乏系统的研究。因此，我们进行了一系列元分析来阐明这些关系。我们的研究结果表明，较高水平的精神病态与合作意愿降低有关，而与他人报复可能性的了解如何影响决策无关。然而，所采用的社会经济决策游戏类型调节了精神病态特征与总收益之间的关系，这表明背景在调节精神病态特征与决策之间的联系方面起着关键作用。这些发现增进了我们对精神病态的理解，并为研究具有较高精神病态特征的个体的适应性和适应不良的社会行为开辟了新的途径。
