Noel Zachary A, Longley Reid, Benucci Gian Maria Niccolò, Trail Frances, Chilvers Martin I, Bonito Gregory
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Present address: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
ISME Commun. 2022;2(1). doi: 10.1038/s43705-022-00103-w. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Fungicides reduce fungal pathogen populations and are essential to food security. Understanding the impacts of fungicides on crop microbiomes is vital to minimizing unintended consequences while maintaining their use for plant protection. However, fungicide disturbance of plant microbiomes has received limited attention, and has not been examined in different agricultural management systems. We used amplicon sequencing of fungi and prokaryotes in maize and soybean microbiomes before and after foliar fungicide application in leaves and roots from plots under long-term no-till and conventional tillage management. We examined fungicide disturbance and resilience, which revealed consistent non-target effects and greater resiliency under no-till management. Fungicides lowered pathogen abundance in maize and soybean and decreased the abundance of Tremellomycetes yeasts, especially Bulleribasidiaceae, including core microbiome members. Fungicide application reduced network complexity in the soybean phyllosphere, which revealed altered co-occurrence patterns between yeast species of Bulleribasidiaceae, and and in fungicide treated plots. Results indicate that foliar fungicides lower pathogen and non-target fungal abundance and may impact prokaryotes indirectly. Treatment effects were confined to the phyllosphere and did not impact belowground microbial communities. Overall, these results demonstrate the resilience of no-till management to fungicide disturbance, a potential novel ecosystem service provided by no-till agriculture.
杀菌剂可减少真菌病原体数量，对粮食安全至关重要。了解杀菌剂对作物微生物群的影响对于在维持其用于植物保护的同时将意外后果降至最低至关重要。然而，杀菌剂对植物微生物群的干扰受到的关注有限，且尚未在不同的农业管理系统中进行研究。我们对长期免耕和传统耕作管理地块的玉米和大豆微生物群中叶片和根部喷施叶面杀菌剂前后的真菌和原核生物进行了扩增子测序。我们研究了杀菌剂的干扰和恢复力，结果显示了一致的非靶标效应以及免耕管理下更强的恢复力。杀菌剂降低了玉米和大豆中病原体的丰度，并降低了银耳酵母的丰度，尤其是包括核心微生物群成员在内的布勒担孢酵母科。施用杀菌剂降低了大豆叶际的网络复杂性，这揭示了布勒担孢酵母科酵母物种之间以及杀菌剂处理地块中的共现模式发生了改变。结果表明，叶面杀菌剂降低了病原体和非靶标真菌的丰度，并可能间接影响原核生物。处理效果仅限于叶际，并未影响地下微生物群落。总体而言，这些结果证明了免耕管理对杀菌剂干扰的恢复力，这是免耕农业提供的一种潜在的新型生态系统服务。
