School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
PeerJ. 2022 Nov 14;10:e14408. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14408. eCollection 2022.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL-producing ) have emerged, causing human and animal infections worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and molecular genetic features of ESBL-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) in river water.
A total of 172 samples were collected from the Kok River and Kham River in Chiang Rai, Thailand, during a 10-month period (2020-2021).
We detected 45.3% of to be MDR. The prevalence of ESBL-producers was 22%. Among those ESBL-producing strains, CTX-M-15 (44.7%) was predominantly found, followed by CTX-M-55 (26.3%), CTX-M-14 (18.4%), and CTX-M-27 (10.5%). The and genes were found to be co-harbored with the genes. Mobile elements, ., IS1 and Tn, were observed. Twelve plasmid replicons were found, predominantly being IncF (76.3%) and IncFIB (52.6%). Whole genome sequencing of ten selected isolates revealed the co-existence of ESBL with genes in two ESBL-producing . A wide diversity of MLST classifications was observed. An -- gene cassette was found to disrupt the PUF2806 domain-containing gene, while an contig on another isolate contained the /-- core segment.
In conclusion, our data provides compelling evidence of MDR and ESBL-producing , co-existing with genes in river water in northern Thailand, which may be disseminated into other environments and so cause increased risks to public health.
产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL 产生）的 已经出现，导致全球人类和动物感染。本研究旨在调查河流水中 ESBL 产生和多药耐药（MDR） 的流行情况和分子遗传特征。
在 2020 年至 2021 年期间，从泰国清莱的孔河和克姆河共采集了 172 个样本。
我们发现 45.3%的 为 MDR。ESBL 产生菌的检出率为 22%。在这些 ESBL 产生菌中，主要发现 CTX-M-15（44.7%），其次是 CTX-M-55（26.3%）、CTX-M-14（18.4%）和 CTX-M-27（10.5%）。 和 基因与 基因共同存在。观察到移动元件 、. 、IS1 和 Tn。发现了 12 种质粒复制子，主要为 IncF（76.3%）和 IncFIB（52.6%）。对 10 个选定分离株进行全基因组测序，发现两种 ESBL 产生菌中 ESBL 与 基因共存。观察到多种 MLST 分类。在两个 ESBL 产生菌中，发现一个 基因盒破坏了 PUF2806 结构域基因，而另一个分离株的 基因片段则包含 /--核心片段。
总之，我们的数据提供了确凿的证据，表明在泰国北部的河水中存在 MDR 和 ESBL 产生 ，它们与 基因共存，这些基因可能会传播到其他环境中，从而增加对公众健康的威胁。
