Ammon J, Loose R
Institut für Medizinische Physik, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
Radiologie (Heidelb). 2022 Dec;62(12):1079-1088. doi: 10.1007/s00117-022-01087-3. Epub 2022 Nov 22.
Facts and figures about the frequencies of fluoroscopically guided interventions (FGI), typical patient exposures and occupational exposures are listed. Limits of radiation exposure do not exist for patients but only for occupationally exposed medical personnel. Measures for radiation protection of patients and personnel are explained. Nearly all technical radiation protection measures for patients also protect the personnel. To reduce the exposure of medical personnel, radiation protection equipment should be attached to the X‑ray modality and personal radiation protection equipment should be worn. The diagnostic reference values and the obligation to report incidents, including the reporting criteria, are explained. The radiation protection of patients and personnel for FGI in Germany is well regulated by diagnostic reference values, reporting criteria, prescribed or recommended protective measures, personal dosimetry and the obligation to involve medical physics experts.
列出了关于透视引导介入(FGI)频率、典型患者照射剂量和职业照射剂量的事实与数据。不存在针对患者的辐射照射限值,仅针对职业受照医务人员有此限值。阐述了患者和人员的辐射防护措施。几乎所有针对患者的技术辐射防护措施也能保护人员。为减少医务人员的照射剂量,应在X射线设备上配备辐射防护装置,且医务人员应佩戴个人辐射防护装备。解释了诊断参考值以及事件报告义务,包括报告标准。德国针对FGI的患者和人员辐射防护通过诊断参考值、报告标准、规定或推荐的防护措施、个人剂量测定以及聘请医学物理专家的义务得到了很好的规范。