Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 18;19(22):15268. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192215268.
The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration is an urban agglomeration with some of the most intensive urbanization since 1980s. A large amount of cultivated land, forest land, water bodies and other land types in the region has been occupied by construction land, resulting in fragmented ecological landscapes and biodiversity in the region and causing many other ecological problems. Based on this, this paper takes the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a case study, constructs an ecological network of the dispersion scale of five species from 1990 to 2020 based on a morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method, identifies the ecological groups in the network and uses the core node-based community evolution path tracking algorithm to analyze the ecological groups in order to explore the changes of ecological network connectivity at different scales in the region and to reveal the overall and local characteristics and changes of the migratory space of terrestrial mammals with different dispersion capabilities. The research results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the area of construction land in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area increased sharply, with good connectivity in the northwest, southwest and eastern regions and poor connectivity in the central region. (2) There are obvious differences between the overall and local changes in the connectivity trends of multi-scale regional ecological networks. On the whole, the overall ecological connectivity of the ecological network at each scale showed a gradual upward trend, and the overall connectivity index IIC and the possible connectivity index gradually increased with the increase of the maximum dispersal distance of species. From the perspective of local patches, the larger the species dispersion scale, the larger the value of the revised betweenness centrality index and the patch possible connectivity index. (3) The distribution of ecological groups at different species dispersion scales is different, and the smaller the dispersal scale of the species, the greater the distribution of ecological groups. Small-scale species are limited by the maximum dispersal distance, and the range of their ecological groups is generally small. Small-scale (3 km), mesoscale (10 km) and large-scale (30 km) core nodes of ecological groups show a gradual increase trend, and the overall connectivity of ecological groups has improved. However, the core nodes of the extra-large-scale (60 km) and ultra-large-scale (100 km) ecological groups show a trend of decreasing fluctuations, and the overall connectivity within the ecological group has declined. This study is helpful to clarify the structural characteristics of regional ecological space and provide a theoretical basis for regional ecological planning.
粤港澳大湾区城市群是自 20 世纪 80 年代以来城市化程度最高的城市群之一。该地区大量的耕地、林地、水体等土地类型已被建设用地占用，导致该地区生态景观破碎化和生物多样性减少，并引发了许多其他生态问题。基于此，本文以粤港澳大湾区为例，基于形态空间格局分析（MSPA）方法，构建了 1990 年至 2020 年五种物种扩散尺度的生态网络，识别网络中的生态群，并利用核心节点的社区进化路径跟踪算法对生态群进行分析，以探讨该区域不同尺度的生态网络连通性变化，并揭示具有不同扩散能力的陆地哺乳动物迁移空间的整体和局部特征和变化。研究结果表明：（1）1990 年至 2020 年，粤港澳大湾区建设用地面积急剧增加，西北、西南和东部地区连通性较好，中部地区连通性较差。（2）多尺度区域生态网络的连通性趋势的整体和局部变化存在明显差异。整体上，各尺度生态网络的整体生态连通性呈逐渐上升趋势，整体连通性指数 IIC 和可能连通性指数 随着物种最大扩散距离的增加而逐渐增大。从局部斑块来看，物种扩散尺度越大，修正的介数中心性指数和斑块可能连通性指数的值越大。（3）不同物种扩散尺度的生态群分布不同，物种扩散尺度越小，生态群分布越大。小尺度物种受最大扩散距离限制，其生态群范围一般较小。小尺度（3km）、中尺度（10km）和大尺度（30km）生态群的核心节点呈逐渐增加趋势，生态群整体连通性提高。然而，特大尺度（60km）和超大型尺度（100km）生态群的核心节点呈减少波动趋势，生态群内部整体连通性下降。本研究有助于阐明区域生态空间的结构特征，为区域生态规划提供理论依据。
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