Barbi Silvia, Montorsi Monia, Maistrello Lara, Caldironi Matteo, Barbieri Luisa
Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Interdepartmental Center for Applied Research and Services in Advanced Mechanics and Motoring, INTER-MECH-Mo.Re., University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 28;12(1):20505. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24964-2.
In the present work, a statistical optimization of a sustainable coating for core-shell NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) fertilizers was investigated. The environmental green coating was enriched in nitrogen using a biomass and renewable source, namely the nitrogen rich fraction of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia Illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) reared on vegetable waste. A rational approach was proposed with the aim of calculating the best formulation of the coating, considering both its manufacturing behavior, such as adhesion to the core, and its physical properties, such as homogeneity or plasticity. From a circular economy perspective, together with the nitrogen-rich fraction from BSFL (from 51 to 90 wt.%), water and glycerol were considered for the coating formulation in different proportion: from 10 to 32 wt.% and from 0 to 17 wt.% respectively. The Design of Experiments technique was implemented to limit the total number of tests for the coating formulation (18 tests). ANOVA was employed, with the aim of obtaining mathematical models to derive a better precise and objective formulation. The results show that the use of glycerol can be avoided, as well as only a limited amount of water (11 wt.%) is necessary to obtain an optimized coating formulation, thereafter, satisfying the more relevant technological and physical properties for the coating manufacturing.
在本研究中，对用于核壳型氮磷钾（NPK）肥料的可持续涂层进行了统计优化研究。这种环保型绿色涂层利用生物质和可再生资源——以蔬菜废料饲养的黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）（亮斑扁角水虻，双翅目：水虻科）的富氮部分来富集氮元素。提出了一种合理的方法，旨在计算涂层的最佳配方，同时考虑其制造性能，如与核芯的附着力，以及其物理性能，如均匀性或可塑性。从循环经济的角度来看，除了BSFL的富氮部分（51%至90%重量）外，水和甘油也以不同比例用于涂层配方：分别为10%至32%重量和0%至17%重量。采用实验设计技术来限制涂层配方的测试总数（18次测试）。运用方差分析，目的是获得数学模型以得出更精确和客观的配方。结果表明，可以避免使用甘油，并且仅需有限量的水（11%重量）就能获得优化的涂层配方，从而满足涂层制造中更相关的技术和物理性能要求。
